Psych Final

Psychology definition

Study of human mind and behavior

Scientific method

Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

Psychology perspectives

Behavioralism, psychoanalytical

Behavioralism

depends on timing, Classical conditioning/Pavlovian

Psychoanalytical

Unconscious motives that eventually shape a personality (psychodynamic)

Micro view

Neurons that send things to each other

Macro view

A whole system of neurons functioning

Central nervous system (CNS)

Brain, spinal cord

Sympathetic nervous system

Emergency response, Fight/flight/freeze

Parasympathetic nervous system

After emergency response is over, Turns back on body maintenance functions

Structures of the brain

Brain Stem, Limbic system, Cerebral cortex

Brain stem

Innermost layer of brain, Controls dreams, life supporting functions, awakeness, complex movement, carries info

limbic system

Second, most inner layer, has hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, Regulates emotions, processes memories, makes motives

cerebral cortex

Covers limbic system, has lobes of brain, Controls spatial awareness, long-term memory, five senses, critical thoughts

lobes of brain

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

frontal lobe

Critical thinking, judgment, Influences emotion and decision

occipital lobe

Sight, constructs world, visual cortex

temporal lobe

Sounds, stores long-term memory

endocrine system

Slow communication method, (Communication through hormones in blood) Controls glands, hormones,

classical conditioning

Link of association between 2+ pieces of stimuli leading to anticipation of events

classical conditioning components

Unconditioned stimulus/response, neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus/response

pavlov experiment

UCS-Dog food UCR-Salvation NS-Bell CS-bell sounds CR-Salvation

operant conditioning

Association between actions and consequences

reinforcement (Operant conditioning)

Positive= Adding something pleasant Negative= Removing something unpleasant

punishment (Operant conditioning)

Positive= Adding bad stimuli Negative= Removes good stimuli

consciousness

The act of being aware

consciousness functions

Direct attention, creates perception, takes in information and creates mental model

sleep cycles

90 minutes per cycle Five stages in cycles

REM sleep

Stage1-alpha waves. Stage2-sleep spindles. Stage3-transition. Stage4-deep sleep Stage5-REM

Why we dream

Process information, understand troubles/desires

Memory

System that encodes, decodes, stores, retrieves info over time

Stages of memory

Sensory-fleeting. short term-processes. central executive-from sensory to long term. long term-unlimited storage for unlimited time

Chunking

Unit of info instead of multiple things. ROYGBIV

Serial position effect

Remembering the first and last things the best

Rehearsal

Conscious repetition of information

Procedural memory

Mental directions, knowing the how to

Episodic memory

Personal experiences

Declarative

Specific memories/events/facts, knowing the what

Proactive memory

Old memories impair remembering newer memories

Retroactive memory

New memories impair memories of old things

Freud personality

Conciseness is just the beginning of human nature, sexual, angry, male superiority

Freud personality structures

ID, Ego, Super Ego, fixations from repression as kids

Freud defensive mechanisms

Repression, denial, rationalization, displacement, regression, projection, etc.

Personality disorders

Continuous deviant, dysfunctional, distressful thoughts/actions, 16 syndromes

Personality traits

Social cognitive- Big 5, trait = Specific behaviors and motives with a stable pattern

Big 5 personality traits

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, yes or no based on personality clusters of person

Hypothalamus

Dopamine, fight/flight

Hippocampus

Memory

Amygdala

Emotion center

ID

Wants gratification, toddler like

Ego

Rational halfway for ID and SuperEgo

SuperEgo

Morality, should nots