Ocean Structure and Circulation Review

This set of flashcards summarizes key concepts about ocean structure and circulation, including temperature profiles, water masses, and circulation dynamics.

What is the depth range for the mixed layer in ocean temperature profiles?

0 to ~100 m

What is the primary factor that affects seawater density?

Temperature and salinity changes at the surface.

Describe the thermocline's position throughout the year at mid-latitudes.

The thermocline changes seasonally, typically found between 100 to 1000 m depth.

What is the definition of downwelling in ocean circulation?

Downwelling occurs when convergence of water masses causes denser water to sink.

List one characteristic of the pycnocline in ocean water layers.

The pycnocline is a zone of rapid density change typically located between 100 to 1000 m.

What is the effect of upwelling on nutrient distribution in the ocean?

Upwelling brings nutrient-rich water from the depths to the surface, supporting marine life.

What role does salinity play in the formation of water masses?

Water masses are defined by similar temperature and salinity values, affecting their density.

What is the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt?

A global system of ocean currents driven by temperature and salinity variations, important for climate regulation.

Describe the concept of western intensification in ocean currents.

Western intensification causes currents on the western sides of ocean basins to be faster, narrower, and deeper.

What is the impact of global warming on thermohaline circulation?

Melting ice reduces salinity and density, potentially disrupting thermohaline circulation within decades.