ap hug final (based on study guide)

Which statement best describes agriculture?

cultivating plants or raising animals for survival

Which of the following is the BEST example of how topography affects agriculture?

steep slopes are likely to be affected by runoff

Which concept is depicted in the diagram?

elevation

Which term is used to describe how land costs are determined?

bid-rent theory

What is the best example of intensive subsistence agriculture?

rice paddy farming

Which rural settlement pattern is shown in the photo?

clustered

Which of the following is the BEST example of intensive commercial agriculture?

palm oil plantations in Malaysia

Where were plants and animals first domesticated?

Southwest Asia

Where is the Fertile Crescent?

5 (has diagram)

How did the Columbian Exchange result in the global spread of agriculture?

crops from the Americas were adopted in regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa that had similar climates

Which factor contributed to the development of the first agricultural revolution?

a focus on staple crops

The Norfolk four-field system shown in the diagram was a key innovation of which of the following revolutions?

Second agricultural revolution

Which statement accurately describes the concept of subsistence farming?

Most subsistence farming occurs in rural areas of peripheral countries, where farmers lack access to economic resources and global markets

Which statement accurately describes the concept of commercial farming?

Commercial farming typically occurs in core countries with access to global markets and involves expensive equipment and large parcels of land

Which of the following explains the growth of agribusiness in the 20th century?

Improvements in technologies made farming more efficient and specialized, which resulted in farmers’ increasing dependency on food manufacturers, distributors, and marketers

Which of the following terms refers to the scenario of a company owning and controlling more than one stage of the production of goods?

Vertical integration

Which model is shown above?

von thunen model

Which of the following statements best explains the location of the field-crop belt in this model?

Field crops are less perishable and easier to transport, so they were located on less expensive land farther from the market, but not on the cheapest land

Which of the following accurately defines the term agricultural landscapes?

Landscapes resulting from the interactions between farming activities and a location’s natural environment

This is a picture of the inside of a bus that contains shelves of fresh produce. Which challenge does the pictured solution address?

food deserts

Which of the following is a benefit of empowering women in the agricultural sector?

Children are better nourished and receive more education

Which term refers to the process of the development of dense concentrations of people into settlements?

Urbanization

Which of the following is the BEST definition of an urban area?

A city and its surrounding suburbs

Which of the following would be used to describe a city’s situation characteristics as opposed to its site characteristics?

Connection to trade routes

Which two geographic concepts BEST relate to the founding of the city shown in the photo?

site and situation

Which term describes areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city?

Urban sprawl

Which invention(s) contributed most to urban sprawl?

The automobile

What scale of analysis is shown on the map?

Regional

What geographic concept is shown in the map?

Gravity model

Which conclusion can be drawn from the map?

Delhi’s relationship with Kolkata is greater than Delhi’s pull to Rajkot

Where are many metropolitan areas that are growing into megacities found?

In peripheral and semi-peripheral countries in Asia and Africa

Which factor influences a city’s population density?

The predominant type of housing

Which statement accurately represents a pattern of residential land use found in many cities?

Wealthier households tend to live in less dense neighborhoods away from the CBD

Which statement accurately explains the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative research is based on descriptions and rich narratives; quantitative research is based on collecting data about observable phenomena

Which of the following is intended to increase residential densities and reduce commutes?

Mixed-Use Development

Which statement accurately describes the sustainable design initiative shown in the map?

It features a ring of open space maintained around an urban area

Which statement accurately compares the practices of redlining and blockbusting?

redlining involved banks not lending money to residents of certain areas, while blockbusting involved real estate agents persuading whites to sell their homes at below-market prices

This map reflects the results of which discriminatory housing practice?

Redlining

Which statement about energy use as an urban-sustainability challenge is accurate?

High-density neighborhoods have a smaller physical footprint and consume less energy per capita than low-density neighborhoods

Which of the following would result from Gentrification?

Improvement of downtown areas and inner-city neighborhoods

Which of the following accurately compares traditional zoning with mixed-use zoning?

Traditional zoning creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function, while mixed-use zoning permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure.

From its hearth, where did industrialization initially diffuse?

Western Europe and North America

Which key factor determined the spatial patterns of early industrialization?

The proximity to transportation and natural resources

Prior to the development of railways, what geographic feature was essential for industrialization in a particular location?

access to waterways

Which statement is true regarding economic activities in the primary sector?

They focus on the acquisition of raw materials to produce goods

Which statement is accurate regarding women’s participation in the paid workforce in the United States in 2018, as compared to a century ago?

Women make up a larger percentage of the paid workforce than a century ago, but face pay disparities compared with men

What typically occurs alongside a shift to an economy rooted in the secondary sector?

Increased urbanization

Which of the following is an example of a service sector job?

Grocery store cashier

What is a common feature of most break-of-bulk points?

They are located near places where the mode of transportation shifts

What production cost does the least-cost theory generally suggest should be the focus of reduction measures?

transportation

Which of the following is an example of a bulk-reducing industry?

paper manufacturing

Why should varying scales of analysis be used when measuring a country’s standard of living?

There may be distinct regional or local differences in standards of living within countries, and country-level data may mask this unequal development.

Which statement accurately describes Gross National Income (GNI) per capita?

The total value of goods and services globally produced by a country in a year divided by the country’s population

Which statement accurately describes the informal sector of the economy?

It involves economic activities that are not regulated or taxed by governments.

Which statement about energy sources is true?

Countries with large deposits of fossil fuels tend to be more dependent on these fuels.

Which geographical measure is depicted in the diagram?

Gender Development Index

Which geographic model is depicted?

Rostow’s stages of economic growth

What is the fundamental goal of neoliberalism?

Establishing open markets and free trade

The locations of computer and high-tech manufacturing in Silicon Valley, California, and Bengaluru, India, is an example of which concept?

Agglomeration

Which term describes areas that China has set aside to bring foreign business and investment to generate economic development?

special economic zones