Biol 286 Purdue Exam 3

Note - only harder terms that may not have been mentioned in earlier classes

Extra-pair copulations (EPC)

mating with individuals other than the social mate

Altricial offspring

incapable of independent movement; may require both parents

Precocial offspring

Born in a condition where parents are not necessarily needed

Harems

groups of females that a male defends

Benefits of Polyandry

gifts, reduced prob of mating with poor male, incubation longer than egg spread

(Jacanas males build nest and incubate while females produce more eggs)

Gunnison prairie dogs

example of polyandry specifically due to the offspring survival being greater if females copulate

Positive assortative mating system

Similar features attract (disruptive selection; short and short / tall and tall)

Negative assortative mating system

Opposites attract

Recall Outcrossing

mating among different individual (normal mating)

Autogamy self fertilization

less than 1% outcross

Apomixis

asexual seed formation (dandelion)

Social reciprocity

exchanging good/actions for benefits of each member

Inclusive fitness

relative ability to transfer genes to next generation

Principle of Parsimony

choice among alternatives that requires fewest number of evolutionary changes. The least complex explanation to explain data.

Homologous characteristics

similar because common ancestor (bat wings / human arm)

Analogous characteristics

Similar function but different ancestry

Convergent evolution

similar traits evolve in response to similar environmental problems

Homoplasy

development of structures, organs, traits in different species that do not share common ancestry

Taxon

any group of species that are designated or named

Clade

taxon consists of all common ancestry

Allopatric

discontinuous distribution

dispersal

New pops established in areas subjected to unique pressures (founders)

Peripatric

small isolated populations reproductively isolated

Vicariance

Geographically isolated

Sympatric speciation

speciation that occurs among population in overlapping area

Autopolyploidy

genome duplication within species

Allopolyploidy

genome duplication associated with hybridization

Postzygotic mechanisms

parental genomes incompatible, hybrid in viability, hybrid sterility, hybrid inferiority,

Prezygotic mechanisms

temporal, habitat, structural, gametic

Homoploid hybrids

hybrids that have higher fitness

Introgression

Hybrids that end up back crossing

Life History

patter of how organisms allocate time and energy among various activities

Life history traits

growth rates, age of sexual maturation, age of first reproduction

Neoteny

phenotypic plasticity (metamorphosis)

Semelparity

type three survivorship

Iteroparity

Type 1 or 2 survivorship

Filial Infanticide

parents kill offspring

Sequential hermaphroditism

Changing sex later on in life

rN(k-N/N)

logistic growth

Ro=lx+bx sum

Net reproductive rate