Core Concepts-L6- Innate Lymphocytes

difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

innate: fast and non specific

adaptive- highly specific, longer lasting and has memory

differences between how viruses and bacteria are killed?

• viruses live inside cells- cD8 cells need to kill cells directly. antibodies can only stop viral insertion

• bacteria live outside cells so using complement and antibacterial proteins and antibodies

discuss innate lymphoid cells

• also called ILC’s

• resident in tissues especially at mucosal surfaces like the gut and lungs and act as a first line of defence to trap pathogens

• ILCs also play a role in maintaining tissue architecture and lymph node structure

• don’t have gene rearrangement like other lymphoid cells and respond rapidly. don’t have classical memory

discuss SCID patients and ILC’s- cause/ treatment/ILCs

• caused by mutations in the genes needed for T/B cell gene rearrangement and don’t have an adaptive immune system

• treated with bone marrow/stem cell treatment- healthy hemapoietic stem cells are put into the body and differentiate into all the necessary immune cells

• after HSC transplant- ILC’s are not reconstituted. if you have T/B cells they’re not fully needed

discuss ILC’s subsets and what they produce and where

1. NK cells- produce IFN-gamma to iill infected cells in blood and tissues

2. ILC1- IFN gamma- defence against intracellular bacteria in mucosal tissues

3. ILC2- IL4/5/13- help with Th2 helper cellsand allergy response

4. ILC3- IL-17/22- barrier immunity and gut homeostasis

5. LTi- TNF family signals- for lymphoid tissue development

discuss ILC’s and microbiota

ILC1- prevent infection with opportunistic bacteria, Cdiff

ILC2- make iL13 which helps with making M2 type antiinflammatory macrophages