Psych Unit 1 Midterm Prep

Correlation

research that compares at least 2 variables and attempts to see if there is a potential relationship

Positive Correlation

Relationship where one moves up and the other moves up

Negative Correlation

Relationship where one goes up and the other goes down

Psychological Test

type of research used to measure a specific component of behavior

Survey

type of research used to gather info from large amounts of people

Naturalistic Observation

observation done in a non-lab setting with no experimenter involvement or direct manipulation of variables

Laboratory Observation

Observation done in a laboratory setting

Hawthorne Effect

“People act differently when they know they are being watched”

Longitudinal Study

study done over a LONG period of time

Cross-Sectional Study

study done comparing 2 or more groups given at a point in time

Cohort-Sequential Study

study that follows one group over a period of time or in a series of events

Case Study

used to examine one person who has a unique or special set of circumstances

Experimental

The only type of research that can prove causation

Operational Definitions

Means an exact specific description with exactly how the outcome is being measured

Independent Variable

The factor being tested by the experimenter; being manipulated by the experimenter

Dependent Variable

The outcome being measured in an experiment

Population

The entire group of people a study will apply to

Sample

The actual people I select to use in my study

Random Sample

All people have an equal chance of being selected in an experiment

Control Group

Group that receives no treatment

Experimental Group

Group that receives

Random Assignment

People are randomly put into control and experimental groups

Statistical Significance

Likelihood a result is caused by chance

P-Value

measures the probability of obtaining the observed results

Generalizability

A measure of how useful the results of a study are for a broader group of people

Confounding Variables

Any variable not being controlled/measured that could affected the outcome

Double-Blind Study

Study where both the researcher and participant don’t know who is receiving

Mean

average

Median

Middle

Mode

Most frequently occurring score

Range

difference between the highest & lowest scores

\-Informed Consent

\-Protection from harm/maintain dignity

\-Confidentiality

\-Debriefing

Ethical Guidelines