Chapter 27 - Binary Fission and the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

binary fission

cell division in prokaryotes, a more simple version of cell division

mitosis

cell division in eukaryotes

apoptosis

programmed cell death

what is the purpose of cell division?

growth, repair, and reproduction

binary fission step 1

a single point on the chromosome attaches to the membrane

binary fission step 2

the chromosome replicates and the new chromosome attaches to the membrane at a different location

binary fission step 3

the cell elongates by adding new plasma membrane between the two chromosomes

binary fission step 4

the center of the plasma membrane starts to grow inward

binary fission step 5

2 new cells separate

FtsZ

a contractile protein fiber ring that contracts, causing step 4 to occur

homologue

one chromosome in a pair

homologous chromosomes

two chromosomes paired together that have the same genetic makeup, but they can have different alleles

alleles

the versions of a gene

interphase

the phase in which a cell is preparing for cell division, the cell grows and replicates its DNA

karyotype

a chart representation of all of the chromosomes of an individual

cohesion

center region between chromosomes where they are attached the tightest

sister chromatids

exact duplicates of homologous chromosomes

diploid

have a chromosome pair

haploid

have a single chromosome, no pair

what are the parts of interphase?

G₁, S, G₂

G₁

growth and metabolism before DNA replication

S

synthesis, DNA is replicated

G₂

growth and metabolism after DNA replication

centromere

where chromosomes are connected

G₀

the phase in which a cell is non-dividing