WGU D313 - Digestive System Questions with 100% accurate solutions 2026-2027
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125 Terms
Which food type is a source of carbohydrates?
Vegetables
3 multiple choice options
Which element is a macronutrient?
Protein
3 multiple choice options
The U.S. Department of Agriculture provides nutrition guidelines through its MyPlate.gov guide.
Which section in MyPlate has the highest percentage?
Vegetables
3 multiple choice options
Which macronutrient, when broken down, supplies amino acids to the body?
Proteins
3 multiple choice options
A lack of which macronutrients can cause muscle wasting?
Protein
Which food item is rich in vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
Whole grains
3 multiple choice options
Which food item is rich in vitamin D?
Dairy Products
3 multiple choice options
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin cyanocobalamin?
Pernicious anemia
3 multiple choice options
Hypervitaminosis can result from excessive intake of which vitamin?
Vitamin D
3 multiple choice options
Overconsumption of which of the following is linked to atherosclerosis and, eventually, cardiovascular disease?
Saturated Fat
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of accessory organs?
Breakdown of nutrients
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is part of the alimentary canal?
Stomach
3 multiple choice options
Which digestive function is accomplished by the teeth?
Mechanical digestion
3 multiple choice options
What is the first step in the digestion process?
Ingestion
3 multiple choice options
Which term defines assimilation of nutrients into the blood and lymph?
Absorption
3 multiple choice options
Which part of the pharynx is involved in breathing and digestion?
Oropharynx
3 multiple choice options
Which structure forms the inferior border of the oral cavity?
Tongue
3 multiple choice options
Which part of the tooth comprises connective tissue and serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?
Pulp Cavity
3 multiple choice options
Which factor is unlikely to stimulate salivation?
Exercise
3 multiple choice options
Which substance breaks down triglicerides?
Lingual Lipase
3 multiple choice options
Which layer of the wall of the stomach is responsible for churning movements that break up food during digestion?
Muscularis
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?
It digests proteins
3 multiple choice options
Which hormone stimulates the stomach to release "gastric juices" (hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen)?
Gastrin
2 multiple choice options
What is peristalsis?
Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation alternately
3 multiple choice options
Which region of the stomach contains a ring of smooth muscle that allows food to pass from the stomach to the duodenum?
Pyloric Sphincter
3 multiple choice options
Which structure guards the opening from the ileum into the large intestine?
ileocecal valve
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn?
Contain cells that secrete lysozyme which protects from bacteria
3 multiple choice options
What are the small projections inside the small intestine known as?
Villi
3 multiple choice options
During which process is food moved in a back-and-forth motion, combining chyme with digestive juices?
Segmentation
3 multiple choice options
What is broken down by brush border enzymes?
Proteins and carbohydrates
Where is the vermiform appendix located?
Opens into the cecum
3 multiple choice options
How often do mass movements occur in the large intestine?
every 2-3 hours
3 multiple choice options
Where are the majority of absorptive cells in the large intestine?
mucosa of large intestine
3 multiple choice options
Which component of the large intestine is responsible for synthesizing vitamin K?
Bacterial Flora
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the pancreas?
to secrete digestive enzymes
3 multiple choice options
What do the pancreatic islet cells secrete?
hormones
3 multiple choice options
Which digestive organ stores and concentrates bile and releases it into the two-way cystic duct?
Gallbladder
3 multiple choice options
Where does carbohydrate absorption mostly occur?
Small intestine
3 multiple choice options
Which processes can be used to make glucose if it is in short supply?
Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
What is the main source of energy for most cells in the body?
Glucose
3 multiple choice options
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
amylase
3 multiple choice options
Which process involves the synthesis of new glucose molecules from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, or the amino acids alanine or glutamine?
Gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which chemical compound is used as a source of energy by the body in times of starvation?
Amino Acids
3 multiple choice options
What are amino acids used for within the human body?
Production of enzymes, neurotransmitters, DNA, and RNA
3 multiple choice options
Which enzymes are secreted by the stomach?
Pepsin, Hydrochloric Acid
3 multiple choice options
Which statement about protein digestion is not correct?
Pepsinogen is an active form of an enzyme that digests protein.
3 multiple choice options
Which statements are true about protein anabolism?
Protein anabolism means protein synthesis.
Protein anabolism uses essential and nonessential amino acids.
3 multiple choice options
What is the name of the vesicles containing cholesterol and triglycerides that transport lipids out of the intestinal cells and into the lymphatic and circulatory systems?
Chylomicrons
3 multiple choice options
Which substance collects excess cholesterol from cells and tissues and transports it back to the liver, where it can be excreted as bile?
HDL
3 multiple choice options
What is the process of the formation of lipids from acetyl-CoA called?
Lipogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which lipoprotein has the lowest percentage of protein?
Chylomicron lipoproteins
3 multiple choice options
Which statement applies to lipogenesis?
Excess glucose is converted to triglyceride. It is a process of synthesizing lipid molecules.
Where are the salivary nuclei found?
pons and medulla oblongata
3 multiple choice options
Which cell type secretes glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)?
K Cells
3 multiple choice options
Which stimulus would inhibit secretory activity in the stomach?
Excessive acidity in the stomach
3 multiple choice options
Which activity corresponds to the gastric phase of digestion?
When food enters the stomach, which causes it to become distended and the stretch receptors to stimulate gastric secretions and motility
3 multiple choice options
Which two nerves send efferent signals from the salivary nuclei?
Facial Nerve and Glossopharyngeal nerve
3 multiple choice options
Which organ is part of the alimentary canal?
Mouth
Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?
Cecum
Which duct contains secretions from the liver and gallbladder but not from the pancreas?
Bile Duct
Which muscle is involved in chewing?
Masseter
Which teeth, found in the midline of the jaw, are adapted for cutting food?
Incisors
How many deciduous teeth are present in humans?
20
Which structure connects the oral cavity to the esophagus?
Pharynx
Which region of the stomach receives the food bolus from the esophagus?
Cardiac Region
Where is the pancreas located?
posterior to the stomach
How many lobes does the liver have?
4
Where is the liver located?
Inferior to the diaphragm
Which organ of the digestive system produces bile?
Liver
Which organ is found under the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver?
Gallbladder
Which duct joins the common hepatic duct?
Cystic Duct
Which membrane covers the surface of the stomach?
Visceral peritoneum
Which structure separates the small intestine from the large intestine?
Ileocecal valve
Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?
Posterior to the trachea
Which muscle in the oral cavity is responsible for strong movements required for swallowing?
Styloglossus
Starting at the lumen of the stomach and moving outward, what is the order of the four layers of the stomach wall?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
3 multiple choice options
What is a source of complex carbohydrates?
legumes
What do animal sources of protein have that plant sources of protein do not?
Essential amino acids
What is a source of protein?
soy
Why is insoluble fiber helpful in a diet?
Increases stool bulk to reduce transit time of food through the digestive tract
What is a function of lipids in a diet?
Make hormones and surround nerves
What is a characteristic of unsaturated fats?
Liquid at room temperature
Which process occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal during which process is chyme moved in a back-and-forth motion?
segmentation
Which organ of the digestive system mixes and churns food with the gastric juices to form chyme?
stomach
What is a function of saliva?
Assists in the taste sensation
What is the correct path that food takes through the large intestine?
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
3 multiple choice options
Which cells of the stomach secrete digestive hormones?
Enteroendocrine cells
What is true regarding the upper esophageal sphincter?
Allows food bolus to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus
What is the goal of peristalsis?
Propel bolus or chyme along the digestive tract
What is true regarding the buccal phase of deglutition?
A single food bolus is formed.
What triggers the defecation reflex?
Stretching of the walls of the rectum
Which substance is secreted by parietal cells?
Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following is true about pancreatic juice?
Buffers chyme
Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin?
Mouth
What are the branched tubules in the stomach responsible for secretion of gastric juice and protective mucus?
Gastric glands
What is the function of the mucin that is secreted by surface mucous cells in the stomach?
Protects the underlying mucosa from the acidity of the stomach contents
Which cells secrete an intrinsic factor that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
Parietal cells
Which substance is necessary for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid
What is accomplished by peristaltic movements within the stomach?
Mixing bolus with gastric juices to produce chyme
Villi located within the small intestine function to ____________.
increase surface area