Serum Sodium Imbalances (Hyponatremia)

Hyponatremia is Diagnosed When?

Serum sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L

Hyponatremia Definition?

Definition: A lower-than-normal concentration of sodium intake the blood, caused by inadequate excretion of water or by excessive water in the bloodstream

Hyponatremia symptoms?

1. Water intoxication

2. Confusion

3. Lethargy

4. Muscle excitability

5. Convulsions

6. Cons

Types of Hyponatremia?

1. hypovolemic hyponatremia

2. Hypervolemic (dilutional) hyponatremia

Hypovolemic Hyponatremia Definition and Causes?

Definition: Water volume decreases slightly or remains relatively stable, but sodium depletes because of other factors

Causes:

-Salt-wasting diuretics

-GI fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning)

-Profuse diaphoresis

Hypervolemic (dilutional) Hyponatremia Definition and Causes?

Definition: Water volume increases while sodium intake is stable, leading to a decreased level of sodium intake the blood plasma

Causes:

-Water intoxication or excess fluid intake

-Prolonged use of hypotonic intravenous (IV) solutions

-Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)