Interferences with Sensory Input

Myopia

Nearsightedness (can see near, not far)

Hyperopia

Farsightedness (can see far, not near)

Astigmatism

Makes objects appear blurry due to uneven cornea shape

Presbyopia

Age-related farsightedness, difficulty seeing close objects

Cataract

Clouding of the eye's lens that impairs vision

Diabetic retinopathy

Vision loss or blindness due to diabetes damaging retinal vessels

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure causing peripheral (outer) vision loss

Macular degeneration

Progressive damage to macula; leads to loss of central vision

Tinnitus

Perception of ringing or noise with no external source

Sensorineural hearing loss

Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve

Presbycusis

Age-related gradual loss of hearing, especially high frequencies

Ototoxicity

Damage to the inner ear from certain medications or chemicals

Conductive hearing loss

Sound waves can't travel effectively from outer to inner ear

Otitis media

Inflammation or infection of the middle ear

Otosclerosis

Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear leading to hearing loss

Slight hearing loss

Unable to hear sounds between 16-25 dB

Mild hearing loss

Unable to hear sounds between 26-39 dB

Moderate hearing loss

Unable to hear sounds between 41-60 dB

Severe hearing loss

Unable to hear sounds between 61-80 dB

Profound deafness

Can't hear any sounds below 80 dB

Aphasia

Impairment in ability to speak, understand, read, or write language

Expressive aphasia

Damage to Broca's area; understands speech but cannot speak effectively

Comprehensive aphasia

Damage to Wernicke's area; can speak fluently but speech lacks meaning

Global aphasia

Severe damage affecting both speech production and understanding

Tactile hypersensitivity

Heightened response or discomfort from normal touch

Tactile defensiveness

Extremely strong or negative reaction to touch

Tactile hyposensitivity

Reduced or absent response to tactile stimuli

Peripheral neuropathy

Damage to peripheral nerves causing numbness, tingling, or weakness

Idiopathic neuropathy

Peripheral nerve damage with unknown cause

Diabetic neuropathy

Nerve damage caused by long-term high blood sugar in diabetes

Phantom taste perception

Experiencing a foul or metallic taste with no food in the mouth

Hypogeusia

Reduced ability to taste

Aguesia

Complete loss of taste

Dysgeusia

Altered or unpleasant taste, often metallic or rancid

Anosmia

Loss of sense of smell

Hyposmia

Reduced sense of smell

Parosmia

Distorted or altered sense of smell

Phantosmia

Smelling odors that aren't actually present (phantom smells)