Geo 1303 Exam Review 4

Craters

the hole created by an impact of an object from space

• Simple Crater- small bowl shaped

• Complex Crater- exhibiiting a central uplift making two bowls

• Multi-rign basin- several rings

The planet order from Sun

My very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Names

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Scale of inner vs outer planet distances from each other

Inner planets are very close together

Terrestrial Planets

• Close to the sun

• Small and rocky

• thin/ noatmospheree

• no/ few moons

• no rings

Jovian Planets

• Large and gasous

• far from the sun

• many moons

• have rings

• strong magnetic field

Io / Titan

Io- The Most volcanically active body in the solar system, Jupiter Moon

Titain- Only moon in the solar sysmte to have an atmosphere with water and ice, Saturn’s Moon

Asteroids

They are fragments of rock and iron left over from the
formation of the solar system or the breakup of larger fragments. Most are in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter

comets

• Dirty snowballs

• Come from the edge of the universe

• has a tail and leaves a dust trail

Dwarf planets

• Orbit the sun

• solid rocky/ icy bodies

• many moons

• no known rings

• thin atmosphere

• found in kuiper belt

Methods of studying the solar system

• Telescopes

• Flyby/orbit- photos taken by spacecraft

• Radar- raid waves/ microwaves sent from the spacecraft to surface

• Surface- collect samples

Deformation

any change in the shape or volume of a rock, such as
when a rock is folded (bended) or fractured (broken – joints / faults)

Happens at Convergent boundaries

Stress and strain

Stress- force of a deformation applied over an area

Strain- any change in shape, size, or orientation of a volume of rock

Ductile vs brittle

Ductile rocks show a great amount of plastic strain (they bend) before
they fracture.
Brittle rocks fracture after only a small amount of plastic strain

Folds – types, parts, where oldest rock is present

Faults – types, movement, locations

Fractures along which the opposite sides have moved relative to one another and parallel to the fracture surface

• Normal dip Slip faults- Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall, divergent

• Reverse dip-slip fault- hanging wall moves up relative to footwall due to being pushed up, convergent

• strike-slip fault- move side to side, transform

Faults in the solar system

Valles Marineris on mars is a normal dip slip. Caused by being stretch apart

Europa orbiting Jupiter has strike-slip faults

Venus has left lateral strike slip faults

Orogenies

This is an episode of mountain building. Made on convergent plate boundaries

Mass wasting: forces, factors, types

Mass wasting is the downslope movemnet of material resulting fro the force of gravity

forces- Shear strength, gravity, slope angle

Causes- Us, Weather and Climate, Water content, loss of vegetation,

Types- Rate of Movement (rapid vs slow), Types of movment (falls,slides, or flows), and type of material (rock, soil, or debris)

Recognizing / minimizing mass wasting

Step One- make a slope stability map

Step two- stablize slopes by draining water, plant vegetation, etc

Echo sounding vs seismic profiling

Echo-using how fast the echo returns to messure depth

Seismic- tells what layers are bellow

Ocean circulation / currents

Waves

created by the wind.

Crest hightest part

trought lowest part

Reefs

Fringing-attacted to landmass

Barrier- seperated from the landmass by a lagoon

atoll-circular or oval reffer suronded by a lagonn

Tides

Cause by the gravitation pull of the moon and sun

Shoreline processes

Beach erosion and deposition

Coast types / features of each type

Problems with living on the coast

Ocean resources

Mercury

• Terrestrial

• Closest to the sun

• ice is found in permanently dark points

• Caloris Basin- Huge circular basin

• Very large core

• No moons

Venus

• Terrestrial

• very thick atmosphere of CO2

• No moons

• Active volcanos, most are shield, some are lava domes

• May have a liquid-water ocean and habitable surface at some point.

Mars

• Terrestrial

• Surface is basalt with some sedimentary rocks

• Thin atmosphere of most CO2

• Tharsis Montes- Largest volcanic region on the surface

• Olympus Mons- tallest volcano in the solar system

• Dust devils

• Evidence of past water on surface

• Two moons

Name that Feature and where is it found

This is found on Venus. It is a radar of lava domes.

Name that Feature and where is it found

It is found on mars. It is Olympus Mon, the tallest volcano in the solar system

Name that Feature

Lunar surface topography. Left side has lots of maria, little variation in elevation, and is smoother. The right side has few maria, lots of variation in elevation, mountainous surface, and a large southern impact basin.

Which is the hottest planet

Venus

Name that Feature and where is it found

It is found on Mars. It is the Valles Marineris canyon

Name that feature

Venus surface. Thick atmosphere of CO2

Which surface is younger and why

The left is younger because it has less craters

Name that Feature and where is it found

It is found on Mars. It is a dust devil

Which planets have no moons

Mercury and Venus

Name that Feature

Caloris Basin found on Mercury

Name that Feature

Mars surface. There is a ice cap on the botton. Then bedrock is above it. The bright red is dust/sand

Name that Feature

From left to right- Simple, multiring impact, and complex. Multiring impact basin is the strongest

Name that Feature

Mars surface. Northern surface- smother fewer craters and less elevation. Sourhtern- more rugged, more cratters, higher elevation. The red spot is the largest volcanic region on the surface of mars

Which Planet doesn’t have an atmosphere?

Mercury

Name that Feature and where is it found

It is a Moon of Mars. Probably a captured asteriod

Name that feature

Surface of mercury, covered in Ice

Name that Feature and where is it found

It is found on Mars. It is an ancient braided stream channel

Which of the following moons has liquid methane rivers on its surface?

Titan

An atoll is a

Circular or oval reef surrounding a lagoon

A normal fault occurs as a result of

The hanging wall moving downward relative to the footwall

The bottom portion of a wave is called the

Trough

Which type of mass wasting involves an intact block of rock moving down an inclined plane?

Rock Slide

Jovian planets have all of the following characteristics

• Large and gaseous

• Have many moons

• Have ring system

The following are all causes of mass wasting

• Slope angle

• climate

• water content

• Human activity

The beach feature in the water below is a

Sea Stack

What type of fold is shown below? What age is the rock in the middle?

Anticline; old

This is a ____________ dip slip fault; it can be found in places like ____________.

Reverse; Andes Mountains

Jupiter

• Jovian

• Largest planet

• 79 moons, the four largest are called the galilean satellites

• Great red spot storm

• strong magnetic field called auroras

• Rings made of rocks

Saturn

• Jovian

• Least dense planet

• Largest ring system in the solar system

• Hexagon-giant hurricane at the north pole

• Polar vortext at center

• Rings made of chunks the size of clay, sand, pebbles, and boulders. Made of water ice

Uranus

• Jovian

• Coldest planet

• Highest axial tilt

Neptune

• Jovian

• Strongest winds

Name that feature and where its found

This is found on saturn. It is the hexagon, a giant hurricane at the north pole.

Name that feature

This is neptune

Name that feature

This is the impact of comet fragment smashing into Jupiter

Name that feature

This is Jupiter. You can see the giant red spot on the surface

Name that feature and where its found

This is found on Titan, one of Saturn’s moons. It is a liquid methane and ethane river.

Name that Feature

This is uranus

Name that Feature

This is Jupiter’s moons, Europa

Name that feature

This is pluto

Name that feature

This is saturn

Enceladus has geysers of liquid

water ice crystals

Titan has rivers of liquid.

Methane

Triton has geysers of liquid

Nitrogen

Europa has oceans of liquid

water

Name those cracks

Left side- Joint

Right side-Normal dip slip fault

Name that Fault

Name that feature

Anticline – rock layers generally warped down; oldest rocks in the
center of fold – shaped like an A

Name that fault

Strike Slip fault

Name that fault

Normal dip-slip fault

Name that rock behavior

A-brittle rocks

B-bending rocks

Name that Fault

Strike slip fault

Name that feature

Syncline – rock layers generally folded up; youngest rocks in center of
fold – middle sinks down

Name that fault

Name that Feature

From top to bottom- mountain, mountain range, mountain system

Name that fault

Name that feature

Name that fault

Name that feature

Principle of isostacy- earths crust floats on the denser mantle

Name that fault

Name that fault

Name that feature

Syncline – rock layers generally folded up; youngest rocks in center of
fold – middle sinks down

Name that fault