Art History - AP: Chapter 29/30 KW Quiz

Abstraction

the simplifying of an observed reality so that the essence of an object is portrayed

Analytic Cubism

(Facet Cubism) the breaking up of the object into planes which are small, precise angles like prisms. (Demoiselles d'Avignon, the Portuguese)

Armory Show 1913

exposed American public to 1600 art works of contemporary European and American artists. It was a significant catalyst in the disseminating knowledge of recent developments in art.

Art Deco

in response to popular need for ornamentation rejected by the International Style, it produced streamlined, elongated symmetrical design, which could be commercially produced.

Automatism

a form of Surrealism based on a dictation of thought without control of the mind

Bauhaus

A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design.

Biomorphic

a form of Surrealism based on organisms and natural forms (Jean Arp, Jean Miro)

Constructivism

named by Naum Gabo, a Russian sculptor because he built his sculptures piece by piece in space instead of carving or modeling them. He used new synthetic materials including celluloid, nylon and Lucite, which made parts of them transparent.

Cubism

the fragmentation of the form of depicted objects and the depiction of several views of the object simultaneously (Picasso and Braque)

Dada

a nonsense word, which was used by a group, based on deliberate irrationality and the negation of traditional artistic values. Despair following WWI led this group to develop nihilism and iconoclasm. Contradiction, paradox and irony were the basis of this movement (Jean Arp, chance painting, Marcel Duchamp, ready-mades)

De Stijl

Dutch for "the style." An early 20th-century art movement founded by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, whose members promoted utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric style.

Degenerate Art

the label Nazis placed on the avant-garde art. Hitler persecuted many artist confiscated and placed them in a Degenerate Art Show and subjected them to ridicule.

Expressionism

refers to art that is a result of the artist's inner or personal vision and flows from feeling.

Fauvism

means wild beast. Because of the wild color, powerful, brutal brushwork, the term was derogatory(Henri Matisse, Andre Derain)

Futurism

an Italian movement begun shortly before and during WWI. It depicted dynamic movement and stressed the violence and speed of the Machine Age. They advocated revolution and glorified war.(Balla, Severini, Boccioni)

Harlem Renaissance

a flowering of art and literature in Harlem in the 1920's. It fostered African American culture

Organic Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright envisioned a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its environment( Robie House, Kaufman House(Falling Water)

Organic Sculpture

work composed of softly curving surfaces and ovoid forms (Constantin Brancusi, Barbara Hepworth, and Henry Moore.

Orphism

Color Cubism kaleidoscopic array of colored shards Robert Delauney(The Red Tower)

Primitivism

tribal objects and artifacts which came from non-Western areas which became available to Europeans as a result of colonialism

Russian Revolution

the Tsar was overthrown after civil war and Communism ruled Russia.

Suprematism

the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object. This called for non-objective forms in art. Malevich believed that people could easily understand his art because of the universality of the symbols

Surrealism

used fantasy to produce incongruous imagery by engaging the unconscious forces of the human mind. (Giorgio deChirico, Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, Meret Oppenheim)

Synthetic Cubism

overlapping layers in which bits of flat objects like newspapers, cloth etc. are added to the picture so all the shapes seem to oscillate, pushing forward and dropping back into space.(Still Life with Chair-caning)

WPA

paid artists, writers and theater people a regular wage in exchange for work in their professions during the Depression(Dorothea Lange, Edward Hopper)