Axial Muscles

Epicranial Aponeurosis

Frontalis

Occipiitalis

Corrugator Supercilli

Where is the corrugator supercilli located?

deep within the frontalis

Orbitcularis Oculi

what is the boney attachment of the orbitcularis oculi

frontalis, lacrimal, and maxilla

what is the soft attachment of the orbitcularis oculi

skin surronding the eye lids

Orbitcularis Oris

zygomaticus minor

zygomaticus major

what is the boney attachment of the zygomaticus major

zygomatic bone

what is the soft attahcment of the zygomaticus major

skin superlateral to the mouth ; the orbitcularis oris

Depressor Anguli Oris

Temporalis

Masester

What is the superior attachment of the Masseter

to the zygomatic arch

What is the inferior attahcment of the Masseter

angle of mandible and ramus of the mandible.

what is the actions of the masseter?

mandible elevation and protraction. It assists in chewing by elevating the jaw and moving it forward.

Sternocleidomastoid

what is the superior attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

mastoid process of temporal bone and some of the occipital bone

What is the inferior attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

manubrium and the sternal end of the clavicle

what is the unilateral action of the S.C.M?

lateral neck flexion ( touch ear to shoulder ) and rotation of head to the opposite side.

What is the bilateral action of the S.C.M?

flexion of the neck ( chin to chest )

Scalenes ( Anterior, Middle, Posterior )

What is the thoracic outlet ?

The space between the clavicle and the first rib that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass from the neck to the arm. The opening between the anterior and middle scalene is where bundle of nerves and brachial plexus and subclavian artery got through.

What is the Thoracic outlet syndrome?

A condition caused by compression of the nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the arm, hand, neck, shoulder, and upper back.

Splenius Capitis

Splenius cervicis

What is the Erector Spinae and what does it include ?

iliocostalis group, longissimus group, and spinalis group

iliocostalis group

longissimus group

Spinalis group

what holes does the diaphragm have?

inferior cava hole and esophagus hole.

What is the diaphragm actions?

During contraction, this muscle flattens and moves inferiorly. This movement EXPANDS THE THORACIC CAVITY (including stretching the lungs downward) and increases pressure the abdominopelvic cavity below.​

What is the outer layer of the abdominal wall?

External oblique

what is the middle layer of the abdominal wall?

Internal oblique and the rectus abdominis

what is the innermost layer of the abdominal wall?

transversus abdominis

What are the two important connective tissues of the trunk?

rectus sheath and the linea alba

External Abdominal Oblique

internal abdominal oblique

Rectus abdominis

What is the superior attachment of the rectus abdominis?

xiphoid process of the sternum and inferior surface of the ribs 5 through 7

What is the inferior attachment of the rectus abdominis

superior surface of the pubis near symphysis

What is the action of the rectus abdominis

Flexion of trunk/vertebral column, also compression of abdominal wall during forced exhalation (not shown here)​

transverse abdominis