Unit 2 Flashcards (Daily Videos)

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sensation

receiving information from the environment, converting it into a neural message, and send it to the brain to be evaluated

perception

organizing and interpreting sensory information

bottom-up processing

relies on external sensory information; individual elements to the whole

feature detectors

the evidence to support bottom-up processing

top-down processing

relies on internal prior expectations and experiences to fill in gaps to complete a perception; whole to individual parts

schema

a mental framework for organizing and understanding our world; the basis of top-down processing

perceptual set

the readiness to perceive something in a particular way or having an expectation for a stimulus

gestalt

an organized whole

closure

the gestalt principle of making a whole by filling in the gaps

figure and ground

the gestalt principle where the figure is the object and the ground is the surroundings

proximity

the gestalt principle that items close together group more easily than items far apart

similarity

the principle that items more alike group more easily than items that are different

attention

interaction of sensation and perception that is affected by internal and external processes

inattentional blindness

occurs when attention is focused on one part of the visual field, which may lead to you missing or ignoring other parts of the visual field

change blindness

occurs when differences in the visual field are not perceived due to inattention or a brief interruption

retinal disparity

determining depth based on the difference between what each eye sees (closer=more difference)

convergence

determining depth based on how much both eyes rotate inward (closer=more inward)

relative clarity

monocular; objects appearing sharper and less hazy are perceived as closer than those that appear more blurred or hazy

relative size

monocular; assuming similar size, the brain perceives objects casting smaller images as more distant compared to objects casting larger images

texture gradient

monocular; the visual texture of a surface becomes finer and less detailed as distance increases

linear perspective

monocular; parallel lines appear to converge at a distant point

interposition

monocular; when one object partially covers another object, it appears closer

apparent movement

occurs when we perceive movement from a non-moving object