BIOL 2505 Chapter 4 Altered Immunity

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from BIOL 2505 Chapter 4 lecture notes on Altered Immunity.

Epitope

The specific site on an antigen recognized by the immune system.

Humoral immunity

Immunity involving B cells and antibodies that target extracellular pathogens and toxins.

MHC II molecules

Molecules that present antigens to helper CD4 T cells.

Type III hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reaction involving immune complexes depositing in tissues and causing inflammation.

Alloimmunity

Immune response that occurs when the immune system attacks tissues or cells from another individual of the same species.

Urticaria

The technical term for hives, involving superficial dermal edema caused by increased vascular permeability.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A systemic autoimmune condition marked by polyarthritis, symmetric arthritis, hand deformities, chronic inflammation, and pannus formation in joints starting at the synovial membrane.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

An autoimmune condition commonly presenting with a malar (butterfly) rash, pleuritis, polyarthralgia, and hematuria, where tissue injury and nephritis are caused by immune complex deposition.

IgE

The antibody class that mediates anaphylaxis, seasonal allergies such as hay fever, and immediate allergic reactions.

MHC Class I molecules

Molecules recognized by cytotoxic CD8 T cells.

Neutrophils

The primary phagocytic leukocytes that arrive first during acute inflammation and whose counts become elevated during acute bacterial infections.

IgA

The immunoglobulin most responsible for mucosal immunity and found in colostrum to provide mucosal protection in newborns.

Angioedema

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction involving swelling in the subcutaneous tissues.

AIDS

A condition characterized by low CD4 count, lymphadenopathy, opportunistic infections, and recurrent fevers.

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A condition in the newborn that can result when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Self tolerance

The immunological balance to self-antigens, the loss of which results in autoimmune diseases.

IgG

The most abundant immunoglobulin in blood serum.

Eosinophils

The leukocytes primarily responsible for fighting parasitic infections.

Type II hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity reactions occurring when antibodies bind to antigens located on the surface of host cells, leading to host cell destruction.

Type I hypersensitivity

Classification of immediate allergic reactions such as food allergies.

Cytotoxic CD8 T cell

The cell type that recognizes MHC Class I molecules and destroys virally infected host cells.

CD4 cells

The primary cell targets of HIV during infection.

Memory cells

Cells formed after adaptive immune responses.

Synovial membrane

The target of autoreactive immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis, leading to pannus formation and joint destruction.

Rh isoimmunization

Process in which maternal sensitization occurs when fetal Rh-positive RBCs enter maternal circulation, leading the mother to produce anti-D antibodies that attack fetal RBCs in subsequent pregnancies.

Kernicterus

Permanent neurologic injury resulting from extremely high levels of unconjugated bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier after severe hemolysis in an Rh-positive newborn.

Immune complexes

Aggregates that deposit in tissues and organs, such as the kidneys in SLE, leading to tissue injury, inflammation, and nephritis.