PSYC4121 Quiz 2 - Tests details

BDI:

• Full Name

• Ages

• Format

• Duration

• Number of items

• Reliability

• How is it scored

Beck Depression Inventory

–Ages 13-86 (although note that while the official age range does extend down to age 13, the norms were primarily gathered with adults)

–Self-report (to what extent have you felt X in the past week)

–Administration time: 5-10mins (very short, quick screen)

–21 items

–Reliability: .84-.93, with adequate to high test-retest

–Scoring:

•0-13 (minimal)

•14-19 (mild)

•20-28 (moderate)

•29-63 (severe)

CBCL:

• Full Name

• Ages

• Format / variants

• Duration

• Reliability

• Domains

• Considerations

• Normed on?

• Child Behaviour Checklist

• 6 - 18 years

• Time: 15 - 20mins (relatively quick screen)

• Reliability and validity are high

• Parent report, teacher report, self-report (11-18 years): it’s a questionnaire. Different to many of these other tests.

• Domains:

  • Anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic, social, thought problems, attention problems, rule breaking behaviour, aggressive behaviour

• Don’t give the child the test to take away. Mum or Dad might influence it.

• ((American data, but anxiety and mood should generalise to Aus))

DASS:

• Age

• Time

• Items / versions

• Reliability and validity

• Note:

• Depression, Anxiety, & Stress Scales

• 17+ (with youth version for 8 - 17 years)

• 5 - 10 mins

• 21 or 42 item versions

• High reliability and validity

• Note: very commonly used

MMPI-3

• First developed? New versions?

• Question format?

• Example domains?

• Time

• Why measure what this measures?

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

• First developed in the late 1930’s by Hathaway & McKinley

• Used to help assess personality traits and DIAGNOSE MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS

  • Example domains (shared with PAI):

    • Depression

    • Anxiety

    • Substance Use

    • Psychotic experiences

    • Somatic complaints

    • Social isolation

• 'Revised in 1989, 2001, 2020 (now 335 items versus
  more than 500 in previous versions)

• ((True/false questions))

• Up to an hour administration time

• Many questions, each falling into a number of
  separate scales

• 9^th grade reading level

• Establishing stable personality traits could help us understand what is stable and maybe what is part of diagnosis

  • Could also help identify people for organisational positions

Stable, if linked to diagnosis: neurological complaints, PSY-5 scales

If we’re exploring ASD diagnosis, we might see social avoidance and shyness. Could help indicate ASD, or could be indicative of something else.

Leander more likely to do this if she is working with a more complex client. Might think “there’s so much going on here. I want to understand more at that state/trait kind of level.”

WAIS-5

• Age

• Standardised on?

• Versions?

• Time?

• Purpose?

• Domains?

• Considerations

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Ages 16-90 years and 11 months (NOTE IT’S FOR ALL ADULTS)

Standardised US sample = 2020

•180 examinees per age band for ages 16-69

•100 examinees per age band for ages 70-90

–Stratified sample based on gender, education level,
race/ethnicity, and geographic region

–AUSTRALIAN LANGUAGE ADAPTATION (asking about Aus history / general knowledge)

• Someone exploring cognitive impairment, dementia, extent of brain injury

–Administration time: approx. 60mins

• Domains:

  • Verbal comprehension

  • Visual spatial

  • Fluid reasoning

  • Working memory

  • Processing speed

• Plus an overall full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ)

• Want practitioner to be skilled in the test. It’s long and complex.

• Consider also where someone used to be. From brain injury they may have gone from very high to average.

WJ-IV:

• Age

• Style

• Domains

• Reason to use?

• Version?

Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities

• 4 - 90+ years

• Differs from other IQ tests, allowing tailored and flexible assessment

• Complex to score (number of scores and subtests)

• Measures:

  • Memory

  • Fluid reasoning

  • processing speed

  • Auditory processing

  • Visual processing

• WAIS and WISC look at visual processing, whereas this does auditory and memory

• If you want to focus more on auditory processing, you might choose this

• Australasian version

WRAML

• Ages

• Purpose

• Versions

• Time

• Domains

• When to use?

• What to consider?

• Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning

• Assesses for memory and learning, typically used for people who complain of memory issues

• 5 to 90 (child version and adult version)

• 45 to 60mins

• Assesses

  • Verbal MEMORY: when I say things you repeat them back (verbal learning subset and story subset)

  • Visual MEMORY: look at a slide and remember the colour (design memory test and picture memory test)

  • Attention and concentration: need to attend to something and remember it (number/letter subtest and finger/windows)

• Important for diagnosis, intervention, rehabilitation context to understand where someone’s memory issues may lie

• Would use this if there was a diagnosis in play, e.g. epilepsy, traumatic brain injury. This test could act as a baseline, so what they are like at age 5. So then it could be tested later.

• Consider while someone does memory test it may be distressing for them to experience it is going poorly. Rapport is crucial. Encourage them to take a break and return, because even though the test is hard, it is for their benefit.

  • (((Also consider: test has a delay.))) Present things then structured so 20 to 30 mins later they have to recall. Ensure there are minimal distractions.

  • Memory tasks are generally less impacted by CALD populations.

Stroop Test

• Domains

• How it works

• Time

• Age

• Inhibition (as part of executive function). Ability to inhibit automatic response.

• First do words in black (to establish reading speed), then do colour naming (to establish colour naming speed), then interference (name the colour of the ink the words are printed on)

• Stroop Effect is delay in reaction time when a person must name the colour of the ink while ignoring the word itself

• Test takes only 5 mins

• Adult version of Stroop is for people 15+

COAST

• Name

• Age

• Format

• Time

• Sampled on?

• California Older Adult Stroop Test

• 60+

• Stroop, but with larger font, different colours

  • Yellowing of eye and dementia can lead to blue-green colour confusion, this could confound results

• 15 mins

• Normed on healthy older adults, ((and alternate versions for clinical groups (those with depression, dementia, type 2 diabetes))))

RBANS

• Name

• Overall point

• Age

• Domains

• Time

• Additional value?

• Forms?

• Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status

• Brief, standardised cognitive screening tool of overall cognitive function (not comprehensive)

• 12 to 89

• Domains

• 1. Immediate memory

• 2. Delayed memory

• 3. Attention

• 4. Visuospatial reasoning

• 5. Language

• 25 to 30 mins (good for people who can’t sit through full psych assessment)

• Four equivalent forms, so you can retest without practice effects. Repeatability is useful.

GDS

• Name

• Age

• Purpose

• Format

• Items

• Scoring

• Variations?

• Geriatric Depression Scale

• For 60+, but some use it on 55+

• Self-report screening tool to identify depression in older adults

• Simple yes/no questions (easier for older adults)

• ((Focusses on physical symptoms that are more appropriate for aged populations (unlike fatigue or sleep changes that are used for younger-oriented depression scales but can be normal parts of ageing)))

• 30, 15, and 5 item versions. 15 item version has the best psychometric properties

• Scores range from mild, moderate, or severe depression

• Over 40 languages

GAI

• Name

• Ages

• Overall point / why it’s unique

• Response format

• When might you use it?

• Scoring

• Languages

• Psychometric properties

• Geriatric Anxiety Inventory

• 60+, but validated on down to 50. Might use it on Indigenous person to see (as they tend to experience dementia from an earlier age

• Screening test for what the person feels are their anxiety symptoms. Not going through all the criteria for a mental illness.

• Often GP would use if they suspect person is anxious. Psychologists and nurses in hospital settings. Designed to be used in a wide range of contexts.

• Other anxiety inventories might have been normed for older people, but not specifically designed and validated for them. Response formats are more complex. If someone has cognitive impairment, this might make some of their responses invalid.

• Yes / no response format. Easier to answer.

• Includes physical symptoms

• Just: clinically elevated or not clinically elevated. No “mild, moderate, severe” as with scales for younger people.

• Over 30 languages

• Good sensitivity

PAI

• Name

• Advantages?

• Population?

• Scoring

• Domains? (example of pick 3 that overlap with MMPI)

• Personality Assessment Inventory

• Advantages for older cohort over MMPI

  • ))((4th grade reading level (lower than MMPI’s 9th grade)

  • Normed on an 18-89 population

• ((Scored on 4 point scale (0 = false to 3 = very true))

• Somatic complaints

• Anxiety

• Anxiety related disorders

• Depression

• mania

• Paranoia

• Schizophrenia

• Borderline features

• Antisocial features

• Alcohol problems

• Drug problems

• Aggression

• Suicidal ideation

• Stress

• Nonsupport

• Warmth

• And more

IQCODE

• Name

• Type of test?

• Completed by?

• Assesses?

• Purpose?

• Scoring

• Properties

• ((Normed on))

• Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly

• Screening tool, not a diagnostic test, positive result should prompt a more thorough evaluation

• Assesses changes in a person’s everyday cognitive function over the past 10 years

• Completed by family member or friend who has known them for 10 years

• Used when patient may be an unreliable source. But be mindful of difference in informant scores. Consider undue influence.

• Informant scores on 5 point scale, much improved to much worse

• Good psychometric properties

• ((Normed on Australian populations))

KICA

• Name

• Screens for?

• Normed on?

• Purpose / format?

• Considerations

• Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment

• Assesses for dementia

• Normed on (initially WA Indigenous populations, adapted now for Torres Strait and other peoples, adjusted based on local sensitivites for general knowledge)

• Adaptation of MMSE, but appropriate for Indigenous populations. Largely things like “name this animal.”

• Be wary of random answers if someone doesn’t care about their score. Build that rapport so they understand.

WASC-A

• Name

• Versions?

• Age

• Domains?

• Type of test?

• Performed by?

• Westerman Aboriginal Symptom Checklist - Adults

• 18+ (Youth version is WASC-Y)

• Overall mental health

  • Depression

  • Suicide

  • Anxiety

  • Drug/alcohol use

  • Impulsivity

  • Cultural resilience

• ((Screening tool, not overall diagnostic test)). Helps identify individuals who may be at risk and could benefit from more comprehensive assessment.

• Restricted to accredited practitioners

SF-36

• Name

• Overall point?

• Domains

• Versions

• Short form - 36 items

• Overall health-related quality of life (physical and mental health)

  • Some domains include physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning

• SF-12 (shorter)

WHOQOL-BREF

• Name

• Domain (4 sub-domains)

• Populations?

• Scale

• World Health Organisation Quality of Life

• Quality of Life (takes into account their personal goals, culture, and values)

  • 1. Physical health

  • 2. Psychological health

  • 3. Social relationships

  • 4. Environment

• •the WHOQOL family also includes additional condition-specific modules. These are designed to assess quality of life with greater precision for particular populations, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, older adults, or people with disabilities

• 5 point Likert

16-PF

• Name

• Type

• Age

• Settings

• Domains?

• Scoring / other measures

• 16 Personality Factor

• Self-report (with validity factors)

• 18+

• Not for clinical setting (use it for organisational)

• Well validated

• Based on OCEAN model.

• Validity measures to check for faking

OPQ

• Name

• Purpose

• Scoring

• Versions

• Developed on

• Additional measure?

• Adminstered by?

• Occupational Personality Questionnaire

• For job selection in an org environment

• Standardised scores for each item. Can find nuance in different profiles. Recommend feedback.

•   Might use a shorter version of the test if it’s less of a senior / managerial role with lots of decision making, e.g. a process role

  o   Conduct a job analysis to ensure you understand what is required of the job.

  - Developed on Australian samples

  -   Validity score might have us go and conduct another test and compare scores if you have questions after OPQ

  -    Don’t have to be an accredited psychologist to administer the test. But in Australia to interpret from the raw data you need to be a psychologist.

NEO

• Name

• Number of items / scope

• Consideration?

• Psychometric properties

• Versions?

• Scoring?

• NEO Personality Inventory

• 300 questions, very broad. Some seem repetitive, but that’s to get to the actual answer.

  -              NEO has quite clinical labels, but consider not thinking and communicating in those terms

  -              Has good validations. Australian versions, male and female versions.

  -              NEO gives you overall big 5 traits, as well as the details within those. Strength of this test is you get those layers of interpretation.

The following cards are: what test might you use on this person…

An older adult experiencing anxiety

GAI (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory)

Concern about an older adult’s cognitive decline, with info provided by someone who knows them well

IQCODE (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly)

Assessing cognitive functioning in an older adult

RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status)

Assessing inhibitory control and selective attention in an older adult

Stroop OR COAST

Assessing quality of life in an older adult

SF-36 OR WHOQOL

Assessing mood in an Aboriginal adult

WASC-A (Westerman Aboriginal Symptom Checklist Adults)

Assessing cognitive functioning in an older Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Adult

KICA (Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment)

Adult Experiencing Depression

BDI (DASS is less sensitive)

Child with behavioural difficulties

CBCL (Child Behaviour Checklist)

Adult or child experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress

DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale)

Assessing personality in a clinical setting

MMPI / PAI

Assessing intelligence in an adult

WAIS

Assessing cognitive abilities / achievement in a child or adult

Woodcock-Johnson

Assessing memory, learning, and attention in a child or adult

WRAML (Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning)

Assessing cognitive functioning in an adult

RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status)

Assessing reading ability in a child or adult

Neale

Now read Green questions at end of notes doc