Gerontology exam2 practice questions

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall with Kai
GameKnowt Play
New
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/59

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

60 Terms

1
New cards

Before _____, the United States had no national social welfare program. 

A. 1915

B. 1935

C. 1960

D. 1980

B

2
New cards

The term "welfare" as used by social scientists refers to programs that protect people from the risk of loss due to all of the following except: 

A. unemployment

B. retirement

C. accidents

D. disability

C

3
New cards

Which of the following is not one of the classifications of welfare programs? 

A. social insurance

B. social maintenance

C. public assistance

D. fiscal welfare

B

4
New cards

Social insurance programs, as their main purpose, provide: 

A. help to individuals who meet certain means tests.

B. economic security over the life course and prevent people from falling into destitution.

C. economic security to people during the middle years of the life course.

D. tax breaks to individuals.

B

5
New cards

In the United States, fiscal welfare is called: 

A. tax consumption.

B. tax expenditures.

C. tax assistance.

D. tax investment.

6
New cards

In 2015, more than _____ million Americans received Social Security benefits. 

A. 15

B. 30

C. 56

D. 85

C

7
New cards

In 2010, 64 percent of Social Security benefits went to retired workers. The next highest level (15 percent) went to: 

A. the disabled.

B. widows, widowers, and parents.

C. children

D. wives and husbands of retired workers

A

8
New cards

The replacement rate in the context of Social Security refers to the amount of preretirement pay that is replaced by the Social Security retirement benefit. Compared with high-wage earners, for low-wage earners, the replacement rate is: 

A. lower

B. higher

C. none

D. None of the answers is correct

B

9
New cards

What is the single most important source of income for older people? 

A. Social Security

B. SSI

C. Disability Insurance

D. private pensions

A

10
New cards

Which of the following statements is true about Social Security in the United States? 

A. Nearly three-fourths of African American and Hispanic seniors rely on Social Security for more than half of their income. 

B. The support for Social Security is absent among minority elderly.

C. Nearly 90 percent of Americans have major issues paying Social Security taxes.

D. Less than 15 percent of white Americans see Social Security as the foundation for their retirement.

A

11
New cards

An individual is most likely to receive the highest benefit of Social Security when he or she retires and claims the benefit at the age of _____. 

A. 57

B. 62

C. 70

D. 68

C

12
New cards

An accurate statement about Supplemental Security Income is that it: 

A. provides greater monetary benefit than that received from Social Security.

B. is primarily funded by Social Security taxes.

C. is available to aged, blind, and disabled people who are very poor.

D. increases monetary benefits by one-third if a recipient lives with a relative.

C

13
New cards

Medicare contains Parts A, B, C, and D. Part B of Medicare pays for which of the following? 

A. hospitalization

B. physician's office visits

C. nursing home care

D. community-based service care

B

14
New cards

The most recent change to Medicare was the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, which added: 

A. coverage for family members.

B. a prescription drug benefit.

C. coverage for medical equipment.

D. coverage for physical therapy.

B

15
New cards

Identify an accurate statement about Medicaid. 

A. It is the largest program in the federal budget.

B. It does not cover people who are below the age of 65.

C. It does not cover women, children, and individuals with disabilities.

D. It is the primary public health insurance benefit for low-income people.

D

16
New cards

What has the U.S. used as an incentive to encourage employers to provide health insurance? 

A. free coverage for low-income workers

B. tax code

C. matching funds

D. employees' contributions

B

17
New cards

Once an individual is awarded Disability Insurance benefits, he or she may receive them until medical recovery or: 

A. return to work.

B. up to six months.

C. up to one year.

D. up to two years.

A

18
New cards

The main source of public funding for long-term care is: 

A. Medicare

B. private long-term-care insurance.

C. Medicaid.

D. home and community-based services program.

C

19
New cards

The Older Americans Act (OAA) _____. 

A. provided services to enhance independent living, including meals, personal care, and meals-on-wheels

B. established the Social Security program

C. established Medicare and Medicaid

D. provided funding for nursing home care for the frail elderly

A

20
New cards

The _____ component of housing policy expands the supply of low-income housing through a provision known as Section 8. 

A. tax expenditure

B. tax deduction

C. subsidy

D. home share

C

21
New cards

A country that has been a pioneer in designing and implementing a long-term-care program that promotes health care and reduces institutionalization is: 

A. Denmark

B. France

C. Japan

D. Norway

A

22
New cards

Which of the following theories equates the body to a machine that eventually wears out? 

A. somatic mutation

B. cross-linkage

C. wear and tear

D. immune function

C

23
New cards

According to the _____ theory, the aging process is programmed into each cell of our bodies. 

A. free radical

B. genetic control

C. cross-linkage

D. immune function

B

24
New cards

The active life expectancy differs for men and women. Women can expect to have 58 years while men can expect to have: 

A. 60 years.

B. 56 years.

C. 62 years.

D. 54 years.

A

25
New cards

All of the following are related to active life expectancy for minorities except: 

A. they are less likely to have health insurance.

B. they are more likely to engage in a physical fitness program.

C. they are more likely to be employed at jobs where there is greater risk of injury.

D. they are more likely to engage in behaviors like smoking.

B

26
New cards

Often, on the hands of older people, one may see purple bruises. These bruises are called: 

A. lentigo.

B. malignant melanoma.

C. neurons

D. senile purpura.

D

27
New cards

All of the following are considered to be activities of daily living (ADLs) except: 

A. reading

B. bathing

C. eating

D. toileting

A

28
New cards

One of the consequences of the loss of cells in the cerebellum is _____. 

A. poor vision

B. an increase in the tendency to fall

C. memory loss

D. a decrease in appetite

B

29
New cards

As people age, they are more likely to: 

A. sleep more.

B. sleep periodically.

C. sleep less.

D. sleep soundly.

C

30
New cards

The majority of people first become aware of sensory change when they reach their mid-: 

A. 30s

B. 40s

C. 50s

D. 60s

B

31
New cards

Most age-related changes in vision have their onset in: 

A. middle age.

B. childhood.

C. young adulthood.

D. old age.

C

32
New cards

Which of the following is not one of the ways older drivers reduce the risk of being involved in an accident? 

A. stop driving at night

B. stop driving in heavy traffic

C. only drive when another adult is in the car

D. give up their driver's license voluntarily

C

33
New cards

Identify an accurate statement about cataracts. 

A. They are visual disorders that are not a part of normal aging.

B. They are a type of hearing loss.

C. They are considered to be a part of normal aging.

D. They are a type of skin disorder.

A

34
New cards

Which of the following is not a social consequence of hearing loss? 

A. People are likely to feel lonely and left out of a group.

B. People have difficulty paying attention.

C. People are encouraged by family members to engage in conversations.

D. People do not enjoy their free time.

C

35
New cards

Older people have more difficulty maintaining normal body temperature in hot temperature because they: 

A. have less bone density.

B. have limited mobility.

C. have lost some of their sense of touch.

D. sweat less.

D

36
New cards

_____ causes severe bone depletion. 

A. Muscular degeneration

B. Vertebral fractures

C. Osteoporosis

D. Skeletal degeneration

C

37
New cards

The most cited reason for disability in older people is: 

A. osteoporosis.

B. declining vision.

C. hearing loss.

D. arthritis.

D

38
New cards

Women in the United States experience menopause on average around age: 

A. 45

B. 50

C. 48

D. 55

B

39
New cards

_____ is a common problem in older men. 

A. Erectile dysfunction

B. Sexual intercourse

C. Sexual stimulation

D. Hormonal loss

A

40
New cards

Identify an accurate statement about ovarian cancer. 

A. The greatest risk factor for ovarian cancer is age.

B. Ovarian cancer accounts for about 50 percent of cancers in women.

C. Ovarian cancer is a non-fatal illness.

D. The median age for diagnosis of ovarian cancer is 35.

A

41
New cards

Blood pressure increases with age because of: 

A. loss of elasticity of blood vessels.

B. slow blood flow.

C. limited physical activities.

D. limited fluid intake.

A

42
New cards

Which is not one of the factors that can reduce the risk of heart disease? 

A. diet

B. low levels of stress

C. smoking

D. exercise

C

43
New cards

Parkinson's disease is: 

A. a mental disorder.

B. specific to certain ethnic groups.

C. a neurological disorder.

D. a disorder mostly prevalent in young children.

C

44
New cards

The branch of psychology that studies mental processes is: 

A. experimental psychology

B. behavioral psychology

C. clinical psychology

D. cognitive psychology

D

45
New cards

Identify an accurate statement about cognitive functioning. 

A. People are less likely to exhibit cognitive decline if they have regular social ties.

B. Research suggests that people who remain active have lower levels of cognition than people who are couch potatoes.

C. Cognitive functioning improves as people move into old age.

D. Cognitive functioning remains unaffected by activity level.

A

46
New cards

The ability to reflect on past experience and socialization is: 

A. fluid intelligence

B. wisdom

C. crystallized intelligence

D. creativity

C

47
New cards

Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory? 

A. It is a temporary storage site for new information.

B. It is highly unstable.

C. It declines rapidly with age.

D. It involves recalling distant people and events.

D

48
New cards

Personality studies of the very old suggest: 

A. a decrease in social vitality and openness.

B. an increase in anger and hostility.

C. a decrease in patience in younger people.

D. an increase in warmth and self-control.

A

49
New cards

A type of mental disorder that affects memory, cognitive functions, and personality to a degree sufficient to interfere with normal activities and social functioning is: 

A. depression

B. dementia

C. Parkinson's Disease

D. psychosis

B

50
New cards

There are two categories of theories explaining the cause of Alzheimer's disease. One general category is genetic predisposition. The other one is: 

A. biological influences

B. lack of social support systems

C. nutrition

D. environmental influences

D

51
New cards

A _____ is a rupture or obstruction of a blood vessel to the brain that damages brain tissue. 

A. vascular dementia

B. stroke

C. tumor

D. blackout

B

52
New cards

Which of the following is a symptom of clinical depression? 

A. feelings of worthlessness and guilt

B. regular periods of heightened ecstasy

C. increased appetite

D. complete loss of motor coordination

A

53
New cards

Rates of depression are especially high among: 

A. widowed females and males.

B. nursing home residents.

C. older adults who have never married.

D. low-income older adults.

B

54
New cards

Enduring dispositions toward thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, both inherited and learned, are called: 

A. personality traits.

B. adaptation.

C. coping skills.

D. temperament.

A

55
New cards

Vascular dementia is primarily caused by: 

A. a rapid decline of the nerve cells in the brain.

B. the lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

C. the lack of platelets in the blood.

D. hardening of blood vessels in the brain.

D

56
New cards

The state of compatibility between an individual and the environment that allows a person to maintain a sense of well-being or satisfaction with quality of life is known as: 

A. adaptation.

B. temperament.

C. coping.

D. development.

C

57
New cards

A major finding from Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life was: 

A. men after age 50 wanted to forge a new path or modify the old one.

B. men who have made work and career a priority shifted gears in midlife and made family and family life a concern.

C. men began to reexamine their work and attempted to obtain less dominating positions.

D. men were extremely dissatisfied with their current home and work lives.

B

58
New cards

The _____ were pioneers in a man's world. They had strong career ambitions and guarded against distractions. 

A. innovators

 B. traditionalists

C. retreatists

D. expansives

A

59
New cards

A major criticism of Levinson and Apter's research is that: 

A. stages are not clearly defined.

B. broad generalizations are made about universal development processes based on a small number of subjects.

C. the concept of "midlife" is not valid.

D. there are too many stages.

B

60
New cards

Theories proposed by Levinson and Apter are called stage theories. Social gerontologists are critical of these theories which rely on an implicitly biological model of development because they ignore: 

A. social environments.

B. places of residence.

C. ethnicities.

D. historical and environmental factors.

D