French and Indian War to Early America - Unit 3 APUSH

What were the characteristics of French settlements in North America?

French settlements were primarily focused on trade, particularly in furs, and established cooperative relationships with Native Americans.

How did the French colonies differ from the British colonies?

French colonies were more centralized and focused on trade and alliances with Native Americans, while British colonies emphasized agriculture and self-governance.

What was the cause of the French and Indian War?

The war was primarily caused by territorial disputes between the British and French over land in North America.

What was the outcome of the Albany Congress in 1754?

The Albany Congress aimed to unite the colonies for defense against French threats but resulted in a failure to achieve significant cooperation.

What was the message of Ben Franklin's "Join or Die" cartoon?

The cartoon urged the colonies to unite against the French and their Native American allies.

What differences between colonial militiamen and British soldiers were revealed during the French and Indian War?

Colonial militiamen were often less disciplined and more familiar with the terrain, while British soldiers were more formally trained and equipped.

What was the significance of the Battle of Quebec in 1759?

The Battle of Quebec was a decisive victory for the British, marking a turning point in the French and Indian War.

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763?

The treaty ended the French and Indian War, ceding Canada and all French territories east of the Mississippi River to Britain.

How did colonists feel immediately following the French and Indian War?

Many colonists felt a sense of pride and unity but also resentment towards Britain for increased taxation and control.

What strategic tool did Native Americans lose as a result of the French and Indian War?

Native Americans lost their primary ally in the French, which weakened their position against British expansion.

What was Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763?

Pontiac's Rebellion was an uprising by Native Americans against British rule in the Great Lakes region.

What was the Proclamation of 1763 and its colonial response?

The Proclamation restricted colonial expansion westward, leading to resentment and defiance among colonists.

Why did the French and Indian War end the period of salutary neglect?

The war increased British debt, prompting the government to enforce stricter control and taxation over the colonies.

What were the benefits and problems of the mercantilist relationship between the colonies and Britain?

Benefits included protection and trade opportunities, while problems involved restrictions on trade and economic independence.

What was the Sugar Act of 1764?

The Sugar Act imposed duties on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies, aiming to raise revenue for Britain.

What was the Quartering Act of 1765?

The Quartering Act required colonists to provide housing and supplies to British troops stationed in America.

What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

The Stamp Act imposed a direct tax on printed materials in the colonies, leading to widespread protest.

What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress?

The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting of representatives from various colonies to organize opposition to the Stamp Act.

What led to the repeal of the Stamp Act?

Widespread protests and economic boycotts by colonists pressured Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act.

What were admiralty courts?

Admiralty courts were tribunals established to try cases involving maritime law, often criticized for lacking juries.

What does "No Taxation without Representation" mean?

This phrase expressed colonial opposition to taxes imposed by Parliament without colonial representation.

What role did women play in colonial protests?

Women organized boycotts, produced homemade goods, and supported the nonimportation agreements.

Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

They were groups formed to resist British policies and promote colonial unity through protests and boycotts.

What was the Declaratory Act of 1766?

The Declaratory Act asserted Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies in all cases.

What were the Townshend Acts of 1767?

The Townshend Acts imposed duties on imported goods like tea, glass, and paper, leading to further colonial unrest.

What was the Boston Massacre and its impact?

The Boston Massacre was a confrontation that resulted in the death of five colonists, fueling anti-British sentiment.

What was the Boston Tea Party of 1773?

The Boston Tea Party was a protest against the Tea Act, where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

What were the Intolerable Acts?

The Intolerable Acts were punitive measures imposed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party, restricting colonial autonomy.

What was the significance of the First Continental Congress?

The First Continental Congress aimed to address colonial grievances and organize resistance against British policies.

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the colonists at the start of the Revolutionary War?

Strengths included familiarity with the land and motivation; weaknesses included lack of resources and formal training.

What factors led Americans to support independence by summer 1776?

Factors included increasing British oppression, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, and the impact of Common Sense.

What was Thomas Paine's Common Sense?

Common Sense was a pamphlet advocating for independence from Britain, arguing for self-governance.

What was the Declaration of Independence?

The Declaration of Independence formally declared the colonies' separation from Britain and outlined the principles of democracy.

Who were the Loyalists and why did they remain loyal to the crown?

Loyalists were colonists who remained loyal to Britain due to economic interests, fear of instability, or cultural ties.

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga in 1777?

The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point that secured French support for the American cause.

What was the Treaty of Paris 1783?

The Treaty of Paris officially ended the Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and defining borders.

What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create?

The Articles created a weak central government with limited powers, leading to various challenges.

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Strengths included the ability to conduct foreign affairs; weaknesses included lack of taxation power and enforcement.

What was Shays' Rebellion?

Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising against economic injustices and government policies in Massachusetts.

What was the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

The Constitutional Convention was held to address the weaknesses of the Articles and resulted in the U.S. Constitution.

What was the Great Compromise?

The Great Compromise established a bicameral legislature, balancing representation between large and small states.

What was the Three-Fifths Clause?

The Three-Fifths Clause counted enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

What is federalism?

Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

What were the arguments of Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding ratification of the Constitution?

Federalists supported a strong central government, while Anti-Federalists feared it threatened individual liberties.

What is the Bill of Rights and who were they meant to protect?

The Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, protecting individual liberties against government infringement.

What evidence is there that America was making strides toward more equality?

Examples include the abolitionist movement and increased rights for some groups; however, significant inequalities persisted.

What is Republican Motherhood?

Republican Motherhood emphasized women's role in raising virtuous citizens and promoting republican values.

What was the Virginia Statute for Religious Toleration?

The Virginia Statute for Religious Toleration was a law that established religious freedom in Virginia.

What precedents did President George Washington set during his presidency?

Washington set precedents for a two-term limit, the cabinet system, and neutrality in foreign affairs.

What were the major issues Hamilton needed to address in his financial plan?

Hamilton needed to address national debt, establish a national bank, and create a stable currency.

Whose interests did Hamilton's financial plan primarily consider?

Hamilton's plan primarily considered the interests of the wealthy and commercial classes.

What was the National Bank and its purpose?

The National Bank was established to stabilize the economy, manage debts, and provide a uniform currency.

What were tariffs and excise taxes?

Tariffs are taxes on imports, while excise taxes are taxes on specific goods produced domestically.

What controversy arose over Hamilton's financial plan?

Debate centered on the constitutionality of the National Bank and the extent of federal power.

What compromises were made to gain support for Hamilton's plan?

Compromises included relocating the capital to the South in exchange for Southern support of the financial plan.

What is the difference between loose and strict interpretation of the Constitution?

Loose interpretation allows for broader federal powers, while strict interpretation limits powers to those explicitly stated.

What was Hamilton's view on national debt?

Hamilton believed that a manageable national debt was beneficial for establishing credit and fostering economic growth.

What is the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution?

The clause grants Congress the power to make laws deemed necessary and proper for executing its powers.

What did Washington's handling of the Whiskey Rebellion reveal about the new government?

It demonstrated the federal government's ability to enforce laws and maintain order under the new Constitution.

What characterized the emergence of the Two-Party System?

The Federalists supported a strong central government, while the Democratic-Republicans advocated for states' rights.

What impact did the French and Haitian Revolutions have on the U.S.?

These revolutions influenced American politics, prompting debates over foreign policy and domestic rights.

What was Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793?

The proclamation declared the U.S. neutral in conflicts between foreign nations, particularly in Europe.

What were the outcomes of the Battle of Fallen Timbers and the Treaty of Greenville?

The battle secured American control of the Northwest Territory, and the treaty established peace with Native Americans.

What were Jay's Treaty and Pinckney's Treaty?

Jay's Treaty resolved issues with Britain, while Pinckney's Treaty established friendly relations with Spain.

What advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address?

Washington advised against political parties and entangling alliances with foreign nations.

What issues did John Adams face as president?

Adams faced challenges such as foreign conflicts, particularly with France, and domestic political divisions.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

These acts aimed to suppress dissent and limit immigration, resulting in significant controversy and backlash.

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

These resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.