Video 3 Digestive System Deck 1

The primary digestive function of the pharynx is to:

A. Digest carbohydrates

B. Propel food from the mouth to the esophagus

C. Absorb nutrients

D. Store food

B

The pharynx serves as a passageway for:

A. Food only

B. Air only

C. Food and air

D. Digestive enzymes

C

The pharynx is lined by:

A. Simple columnar epithelium

B. Transitional epithelium

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

D. Simple cuboidal epithelium

C

The outer muscle layer of the pharynx consists primarily of:

A. Longitudinal muscles

B. Circular constrictor muscles

C. Oblique muscles

D. Skeletal muscles only

B

The esophagus passes through the diaphragm via the:

A. Caval opening

B. Aortic hiatus

C. Esophageal hiatus

D. Pyloric opening

C

The gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter primarily prevents:

A. Swallowing

B. Acid reflux into the esophagus

C. Digestion

D. Gastric emptying

B

GERD stands for:

A. General Esophageal Reflux Disorder

B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

C. Gastric Enzyme Reflux Disease

D. Gastric Emptying Reflux Disorder

B

Which epithelium lines most of the esophagus?

A. Simple columnar

B. Transitional

C. Stratified squamous

D. Cuboidal

C

The superior one-third of the esophagus contains primarily:

A. Smooth muscle

B. Skeletal muscle

C. Cardiac muscle

D. Dense connective tissue

B

The middle one-third of the esophagus contains:

A. Smooth muscle only

B. Skeletal muscle only

C. Both skeletal and smooth muscle

D. Cardiac muscle

C

The inferior one-third of the esophagus contains:

A. Skeletal muscle

B. Smooth muscle

C. Cardiac muscle

D. Elastic connective tissue

B

The medical term for swallowing is:

A. Mastication

B. Peristalsis

C. Deglutition

D. Segmentation

C

The voluntary phase of swallowing is the:

A. Esophageal phase

B. Gastric phase

C. Buccal phase

D. Pharyngeal phase

C

The involuntary phases of swallowing are the:

A. Buccal phase only

B. Pharyngeal and esophageal phases

C. Gastric and intestinal phases

D. Oral and buccal phases

B

During swallowing, the tongue pushes the bolus against the:

A. Soft palate

B. Hard palate

C. Epiglottis

D. Uvula

B

During swallowing, the soft palate elevates to:

A. Open the larynx

B. Close the nasopharynx

C. Open the stomach

D. Prevent chewing

B

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the:

A. Esophagus

B. Trachea

C. Mouth

D. Pharynx

B

Food is moved through the esophagus primarily by:

A. Segmentation

B. Churning

C. Peristalsis

D. Mastication

C

The primary function of the stomach is to:

A. Absorb most nutrients

B. Temporarily store food and begin protein digestion

C. Produce bile

D. Absorb water

B

Protein digestion begins in the:

A. Mouth

B. Esophagus

C. Stomach

D. Small intestine

C

The semi-liquid mixture leaving the stomach is called:

A. Bolus

B. Chyme

C. Bile

D. Feces

B

The folds inside an empty stomach are called:

A. Villi

B. Haustra

C. Rugae

D. Microvilli

C

Rugae primarily allow the stomach to:

A. Produce acid

B. Expand after a meal

C. Digest fat

D. Absorb nutrients

B

Which curvature of the stomach is longer?

A. Lesser curvature

B. Greater curvature

C. Cardiac curvature

D. Pyloric curvature

B

Food leaves the stomach through the:

A. Cardiac sphincter

B. Gastroesophageal sphincter

C. Pyloric sphincter

D. Ileocecal valve

C

Which region of the stomach connects to the esophagus?

A. Fundus

B. Body

C. Cardia

D. Pylorus

C

Which region is the dome-shaped superior portion of the stomach?

A. Cardia

B. Fundus

C. Body

D. Pylorus

B

The largest region of the stomach is the:

A. Fundus

B. Cardia

C. Body

D. Pylorus

C

The largest region of the stomach is the:

A. Fundus

B. Cardia

C. Body

D. Pylorus

C

The stomach contains:

A. One muscle layer

B. Two muscle layers

C. Three muscle layers

D. Four muscle layers

C

Which extra muscle layer is unique to the stomach?

A. Circular

B. Longitudinal

C. Oblique

D. Serosal

C

The extra muscle layer primarily allows the stomach to:

A. Absorb nutrients

B. Produce enzymes

C. Churn food more efficiently

D. Produce bile

C

Gastric glands open into:

A. Villi

B. Gastric pits

C. Rugae

D. Lacteals

B

Most gastric secretions are produced by:

A. Rugae

B. Gastric glands

C. Muscularis externa

D. Serosa

B

Which gastric cell secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

A. Chief cell

B. Mucous neck cell

C. Parietal cell

D. Enteroendocrine cell

C

Which gastric cell secretes intrinsic factor?

A. Chief cell

B. Parietal cell

C. Mucous neck cell

D. Surface mucous cell

B

Which gastric cell secretes pepsinogen?

A. Parietal cell

B. Chief cell

C. Mucous neck cell

D. Enteroendocrine cell

B

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by:

A. Bicarbonate

B. Hydrochloric acid

C. Saliva

D. Bile

B

Which gastric cells secrete protective mucus?

A. Chief cells

B. Surface mucous cells

C. Parietal cells

D. G cells

B

Intrinsic factor is essential for absorption of:

A. Iron

B. Calcium

C. Vitamin B₁₂

D. Vitamin C

C