Populist Party, Progressive Reforms, and Early 20th Century Social Movements

What was the name of the political party that farmers formed to fix their problems?

The populist party

What was a problem farmers had with expensive machinery?

Farmers needed the tractors to be competitive but they were a farmers 10x annual income

How much would Farmers make annually if they got lucky?

$100

What was the problem Farmers had with taxes?

People used to be taxed on how much land they had rather than income so farmers were paying more than people in the city who had more money

What was the problem farmers had with shipping rates?

Railroads would set rates as high as they could and farmers would have to pay for it because they didn't have any other choice

What was the problem farmers had with mortgage/banks?

farmers would have to mortgage out their farms and take out loans so banks would charge them high inetrests rates to take advantage of them

What was the problem farmers have with overproduction and deflation?

New machinery created a surplus of food and led to lower prices and profit then farmers weren't able to pay off debt.

What was the problem farmers had with tariffs?

Tariffs were placed on factory goods but not on food so farmers would have to also compete with foreign producers

Why was Graduated income included in the populist party platform?

they farmers were being taxed on land so this would make taxes be based on income instead of land

Why was Government ownership of banks and railroads included in the populist party platform?

Banks and railroads were taking advantage of farmers so this would let the government control the interest rates and shipping rates

Why was Free coinage of silver included in the populist party platform?

it would increase the money supply causing inflation which would help farmers pay off debt

Why was Direct Election of Senators included in the populist party platform?

They would be able to vote for people who will make laws to help/benefit farmers

What was the purpose of the progressive movement?

To fix issues made by Industrialization and Urbanization

Which president made conservation of natural resources an issue of the federal government?

Theodore Roosevelt

Who was the Democrat representative for the election of 1912?

Woodrow Wilson

Who was the Republican representative for the election of 1912?

William Howard TAFT

Who was the Bull Moose representative for the election of 1912?

Theodore Roosevelt

How did a third party impact the election outcome?

Roosevelt stole votes from TAFT allowing Wilson to win

What is a muckracker?

An Investigative journalist who exposes corruption

What did Ida TARBELL expose?

expose John Rockefeller company Standard Oil Company for having an illegal monopoly

How did Ida Tarbell expose the issue?

She wrote a book called "The History of Standard Oil"

What was the resulting reform fro Standard Oil?

The government sued standard oil for violating the sherman anti trust act which made monopolies and trusts illegal

What did Upton Sinclair expose?

unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry

How did upton sinclair expose the meat packing company>

In a book called "The Jungle"

What did Jacob Riis expose?

Tenements

How did Jacob Riis expose the issue?

A Book called "How the Other Half Lives"

What was the resulting reform in upton sinclair

congress passed the Food and drug act (FDA) to inspect the safety of food and medicine also the meat inspection act (all processed meat had to be inspected)

what was the resulting reform of jacob riis

The tenements are torned down and new ones required electricity and indoor plumbing

explain the purpose of the pure food and drug act and how it changed the relationship between the government and private businesses?

It required warning labels on harmful medicine, prescription foremost drugs and created the FDA to test the safety of food and drugs in the US.

What was the Keating Owen Act?

Established that companies could refuse to transport goods across state lines that were made by a child laborer

What was the purpose of the Settlement houses?

It was to address the issues that affected immigrants such as poverty, poor working and living conditions, as well as struggling to assimilate

What type of services did settlement houses provide?

Helped them get access to child care, health care, job training, as well as english classes

What was the Hull House?

It was a settlement house founded by Jane Addams

What was the temperance movement?

it's goal was to get alcohol banned and it was mostly women because they were usually subject to the after math or the abuse that men made them endure

Who were the white ribboners?

They were the Women's Christian Temperance Union

What two things did the white ribboners fight for?

Women's suffrage (right to vote) and to ban alcohol

What is the 18th Amendment?

banned the making, selling and consumption of alcohol

The 18th amendment was enforced through the ____ Act this ____ federal police power

Volstead, Increased

What impact does prohibition/18th amendment have on organized crime?

it increased it along with gangs, powerful mafias and bootleggers

is best known for her role in the women's suffrage movement

Susan B. Anthony

How did Susan B Anthony and other women advocate for women's suffrage what did they do?

Marches- long parades and demonstrations for vote. Picketing- protesting outside the white house with banners Hunger Strikes - refusing food in jail to gain attention. Petitions and letters gathering signatures and writing law makers

What is the 19th amendment?

It allowed women's suffrage ( their right to vote)

What was created to protect natural scenery, wildlife, and historic place?

The National Park Service

13th amendment

Freed the slaves

14th amendment

anyone born in the US or naturalized is a citizen and guaranteed equal protection and due process under the law

Define Disenfranchisement

The denial of voting rights

Poll tax

A fee voter registration

How did Poll tax disenfranchised African Americans?

They weren't making any money prior to them being freed and after they were paid but they weren't paid much and they would have to choose whether they wanted to feed their families or vote

Literacy Test

A test you had to pass in order to vote

How did Literacy Tests disenfranchise African Americans?

They didnt have any education prior to being freed so this made it hard for them to pass and even if you got one wrong you would fail or the proctors could fail you just because

Grandfather Clause

Allowed you to vote if you had a relative who voted before 1867

What was the purpose of the Jim Crow Laws?

Laws in the south that enforced segregation

What was the supreme court decision in the case Plessy vs Fergurson?

They said it wasnt inviolation of his rights and they established the doctrine "separate but equal" which made segregation legal

Ida b. WELLS advocate for African Americans

Fought for anti-lynching laws, she asked congress to pass an anti-lynching laws

How did Booker T Washington advocate for African Americans

wanted economic equality by focusing on education and vocational training (job training)

How did W.E.B DuBois advocate for African Americans?

wanted black people to achieve political equality by demanding voting rights and fighting for change

What is the purpose of NAACP?

Ensure the political and educational equality for minorities and to eliminate racial prejudice

____ allows citizens to propose a law to local and state governments

initiative

___ allows legislative’s to propose a law and citizens vote on it

referendum

___ allows citizens to remove an elected official before their term ends

recall

all of these reforms __ participation in the political process

increased

what is the 17th amendment?

allows people to directly vote for their state senator

why was the 17th amendment created?

state legislatures used to pick the senators not the people, which could have allowed for corruption and bribery for the spot

describe patronage/ spoils system

allowed govenrment jobs to be given to politicians of helped their campaign

Why was the Pendleton Act created and what changed did it bring?

to stop corruption in order to get a government job so now you have to prove you are qualified and pass a civil service exam

What was the populist party platform?

graduated income tax, free coinage of silver, direct election of senators, government ownership of banks and railroads

The Federal Reserve System was set up due to a need for _______________ reform

banks

What was the purpose for the sherman anti trust act?

It does not promote fair competitions, it also forces small businesses to close. It gave consumers few options and high prices

What was the sherman anti trist act?

it banned monopolies and trusts to promote fair competitions

What was the purpose of the Interstate commerce act?

it was used to regulate railroads and trade between states

Why would Progressives want to regulate the railroads?

To address unfair high shipping rates charged to farmers and small businesses. they can enforced the keating owen act and ensure that goods were not made by children

16th amendment

established graduated income tax

which political party originally advocated for the 16th amendment to be passed?

populist