Session 1 – Data Types & Arithmetic (Arduino Basics)

40 vocabulary flashcards summarizing Arduino hardware parts, programming structure, variables, data types, arithmetic operators, compound assignments, and comparison operators covered in Session 1.

Arduino UNO Rev 3

An Arduino board model that contains the microcontroller, power section, USB port, DC jack, and I/O pins.

Microcontroller

The most important integrated circuit on the Arduino board; executes uploaded programs and controls I/O pins.

Reset Button

Push-button that restarts (resets) the Arduino board and reruns the code from the beginning.

USB Port

Connector used to upload programs to the Arduino and to provide power from a computer or USB supply.

DC Jack

2.1 mm center-positive barrel connector for powering the Arduino from an external DC source.

Power Section (5 V & 3.3 V)

On-board voltage regulators that supply 5 V or 3.3 V to small external components.

Analog Input Pins

Pins labeled A0–A5 that can read analog signals (via ADC) and also be used as digital I/O.

Digital Pins

Pins labeled 0–13 that can act as digital input or output; some support PWM (~).

TX (Pin 1)

Digital pin used for transmitting serial data from the Arduino.

RX (Pin 0)

Digital pin used for receiving serial data into the Arduino.

void setup()

Arduino function that runs once at startup; used for initializations.

void loop()

Arduino function that runs continuously after setup(); main program logic is placed here.

Curly Braces { }

Symbols that enclose the beginning and end of a function or statement block.

Semicolon ;

Character that terminates a statement in Arduino/C++ code.

Block Comments /* … */

Comment style for multi-line descriptions in code.

Line Comments //

Comment style for single-line notes or reminders in code.

Variable

A named location in memory used to store a piece of data that can change during program execution.

Data Type

Defines the kind of information a variable holds (e.g., integer, byte, float).

byte

8-bit unsigned integer data type; range 0–255 (e.g., byte someVariable = 180;).

int

16-bit signed integer data type; range -32,768 to 32,767 (e.g., int someVariable = 1500;).

long

32-bit signed integer data type for larger whole numbers; range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.

float

32-bit floating-point data type for numbers with decimals (e.g., 3.14).

array

Ordered collection that stores multiple values of the same data type (e.g., int array[5] = {3,5,2,8,9};).

Compound Assignment

Operation that combines arithmetic/bitwise work with assignment to the same variable (e.g., +=).

Increment Operator ++

Adds 1 to an integer variable (A++ produces 11 if A was 10).

Decrement Operator --

Subtracts 1 from an integer variable (A-- produces 9 if A was 10).

Addition Assignment +=

Adds right operand to left operand and assigns the result (B += A is B = B + A).

Subtraction Assignment -=

Subtracts right operand from left operand and assigns the result (B -= A).

Multiplication Assignment *=

Multiplies left operand by right operand and assigns the result (B *= A).

Division Assignment /=

Divides left operand by right operand and assigns the result (B /= A).

Modulo Assignment %=

Stores remainder of left operand divided by right operand (B %= A).

Bitwise OR Assignment |=

Performs bitwise inclusive OR with right operand and assigns (A |= 2).

Bitwise AND Assignment &=

Performs bitwise AND with right operand and assigns (A &= 2).

Comparison Operator

Symbol used to compare two values, often in if statements (==, !=,

Equal To ==

Returns true if two operands have the same value (A == B).

Not Equal To !=

Returns true if operands have different values (A != B).

Less Than <

Returns true if left operand is smaller than right operand (A < B).

Greater Than >

Returns true if left operand is larger than right operand (A > B).

Less Than or Equal To <=

Returns true if left operand is smaller than or equal to right operand (A <= B).

Greater Than or Equal To >=

Returns true if left operand is larger than or equal to right operand (A >= B).