Biology

ATP

Complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g muscle contraction

NADP+

co-enzyme that functions as universal electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen atoms to form NADH

NADP + electrons + hydrogen =

NADPH

what do NADH and FADH2 do ?

transport electrons from one section of mitochondira to another during cellular respirations

What is Photosynthesis?

Biochemical processes where autotrophs/producers convert light energy and the raw materials, carbon dioxide and water to synthesis organic compounds which power cellular respiratoins

Chemical quation for photosynthesis

Stages of Photosynthesis

Light dependent stage and Light independent stage

Light dependent stage of photosynthesis

light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP) creating a flow of electrons which splits waterr into H⁺, e^- and O₂

Light Independent stage of photosynthesis

The cell uses energy from ATP and the electrons/hydrogens carried by NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

Choroplast

Photosyntehsis requires light energy as energy source and this is captured in pigment chlorphyll found in choroplasts

Choroplasts have a inner and outer membrane
•The stroma is enclosed by the inner membrane.

•This is a gel-like matrix rich in enzymes.

Thykaloid membranes

(floating in stroma) flat sac like strucutre that are called grana when grouped up together into stacks.

Grana

• Stacks of thykaloid membranes embedded into the stroma