DRUG CLASSIFICATION

Analgesics

Drugs used to suppress pain

Opiate analgesics

Stop pain by opiate receptor activation in the brain and spinal cord interrupting the pain signal

Nonopiate analgesics

Work by different mechanisms include drugs called NSAIDS

Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs

Nonopiate drugs include what?

Anti-infectives

Agents that are used to treat microorganism infection in the body

Antibiotics

Penicilins and cephalosporins

Antivirals

Acyclovir and ganciclovir

Antituberculosis

Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

Antiretrovals

NRTI, zidovudine, NNRTI-efacirenze, PI-ritonavir

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

antimalaralial

Quinine sulfate

Antifungals

Fluconazole, amphotericin

Antibiotics

Drugs inhibit the formation of the bacterial cell wall. Bacteria swell and die. Drugs are bactericidal

Macrolides

Inhibits bacterial ribosomes and protein synthesis. Ex include erythromycin and azithromycin

Tetracyclines

Bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis

Fluoroquinolones

Bactericidal. Binds to DNA

Aminoglycosides

Bactericidal by several mechanisms

Antineoplastics

Cancer chemotherapy agents

Alkylating agents

Chemical modify RNA so it is no longer able to be translated. Ex. Cyclophosphamide

Antimetabolites

Agent that acts as chemical decoy to block the cell from dividing. Ex, methothexate

Antineoplastics antibiotics

Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis. Ex. Epirubicin

Antihormones

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells that are hormone sensitive. Ex. Tamoxifen

Beta blockers

Drugs that block the beta receptors in the heart which blocks attachment of norepinephrine and results in bradycardia and reduced blood pressure

Beta blockers

Examples are propranolol, metaprolol, atenolol

ACE inhibitors

Blocks the enzyme (ACE) responsible to converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II

ATII

Potent vasoconstrictor in humans and important in kidney function

Antianginal agents

Used to widen coronary arteries to increase myocardial oxygen delivery and reduce chest pain. Ex. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide

Calcium channel blockers

Blocks the entry of calcium ions in the heart muscle and in the muscle that control blood vessel diameter. Ex. Diltiazem, amlodipine

Antiarrhythmial agents

Block the entry of sodium into the heart. Ex. Lidocaine, amiodarone, procainamide

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

Similar to ACEI except these drug works on a receptor for ATII. Ex. Losartaan and valsartan

Anticoagulation agents

Drugs that block the formation of blood clots. Ex. Warfarin and dibigatran

Antiplatelet drugs

Drugs that block the action of platelet in the formation of a blood clot. Ex. Clopidegrel and aspirin

Antihyperlipidemics

Drugs used to treat high blood lipid levels. Ex. Statin drugs, niacin, omega 3 fatty acid

Cardiac glycosides

Drugs used to boost the strenght of the heart’s contraction. Ex. Digoxin

Diuretics

Drugs that work at the kidney to help remove sodium, water, calcium and potassium from the body

Mechanism of action/site of action

Each class of diuretic is named after what?

Loop of henle

Loop diuretics work where?

Loop diuretics

Work in a section of kidney called the loop of henle. This is where the most of the water and sodium and potassium is lost from the body

Edema

Loop diuretics are used to treat what?

Loop diuretics

Ex. Furosemide, torsemide

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Act on the proximal tubule of the kidney by blocking the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase which cause sodium retention and acid loss

Proximal tubule

Where does carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act on the kidney?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Ex. Acetazolamide

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Pretty much weak diuretics and can produce profound lose of potassium

Thiazide diuretics

Act on the distal convoluted tubule to block the NaCl cotransporter in the kidney

Distal tubule

Thiazide diuretics act where?

Sodium rich urine

Thiazide diuretics produce what?

Thiazide diuretics

Ex. Hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium sparing diuretics

Should not be used with a potassium supplement

Potassium sparing diuretics

Ex. Spironolactone, amiloride, and the ACE inhibitors

Sedatives and tranquiller

Drugs that cause depression of the reticular activating system in the brain

Neuroleptic agents

Drug used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other personality disorders

Dopamine and serotonin blocking agents

Example of neuroleptic agents

Mixed amphetamine salts

Drugs used to treat ADHD in childrens and adults

Antiepileptics

Drugs used to treat seizures. Many of the drugs block the sodium ion channel in nerves

Tricyclic antidepressants

Drugs that block the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

SSRI or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Most commonly used drug to treat depression

Insulin

Nature human hormone needed to clear blood glucose

Sulfonylureas

Drugs that increase the release of insulin in the body

Meglitinides

Drugs similar to sulfonylurea by faster acting

Thiazolidinediones

Drugs that increase the body sensitivity to insulin