Chapter 1 Study Quiz

what is the universal energy molecule in living things?

adenosine triphosphate

what three letters are the abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate?

atp

what is the genetic material in all living things?

deoxyribonucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid is abbreviated by what three letters

dna

which branch of biology studies fossils to explain life history

paleontology

which domain is prokaryotic?

bacteria/archaea

The diversity of life results from

genetic variation

all life supporting ecosystems on earth make up the

biosphere

all molecules are composed of

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

what level of biological organization is defined as a large molecule such as DNA?

macromolecule

The smallest unit that still has the property of an element is

an atom

in the living ecosystem, nutrients ((raw materials) are recycled by

decomposers

A single bacterium divides by binary fission into two bacteria that are identical to, but smaller than, the original bacterium

reproduction

You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle towards the outside? This is an example of a living thing:

Responding to stimuli

Scientific theory

A general explanation for natural phenomena

The information gathered while performing the experiment is the

Data

A conclusion is

A statement of a possible answer to a problem

The scientific method includes all of the following steps except

testable theory

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene is known as a

mutation

The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is the

Sun

all of the following are important to the theory of evolution except

acquired changes in a lifetime

____ is the name of the domain of life that includes all living things that are eukaryotic (their cells contain a nucleus)

eukarya

what are the domains of life?

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

what is not a domain of life?

plantae

in evolutionary terms, which of the following is considered most primitive?

1. animals

2. halophiles

3. plantar

4. bacteria

bacteria

which branch of biology studies the biology of the nervous system

neurobiology

what level of biological organization is defined as the smallest unit of life

a cell

what level of biological organization is defined as all the members of a species living in the same area

population

what is the correct sequence of increasing organization?

atom, molecule, organelle, cell

a kitten is born weigh 2 pounds and eventually becomes a 17 pound cat

growth

We use the scientific method every day. Imagine that your car doesn’t start with morning before school. Which of these is a reasonable hypothesis regarding the problem?

1. change the battery

2. i’m going to be late

3. kick the tire

4. maybe i need gas

5. add a quart of oil

4. maybe i need gas

what is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

to provide comparison

what is a variable?

The factor that you are testing in an experiment

The scientist, Alexander Fleming observed that mold inhibited the growth of nearby bacteria. Which of the following was his hypothesis?

1. The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria

2. The mold consumed all the nutrients so the bacteria couldn’t grow

3. The bacteria was dead

4. The bacteria were dead to begin with

5. The bacteria changed their DNA when they grew near the mold

1. The mold produced a substance that killed nearby bacteria

inductive reasoning

drawing general conclusions from specific observations

deductive reasoning

using general principles to reach specific conclusions (a.k.a. logic)

steps of the scientific method

1. Observation

2. Question

3. Hypothesis

4. Prediction

5. Experiment

6. Results

7. conclusion

Observation

Using the senses to gather information about an object or event

question

Ask a question based off of your observation

Hypothesis

form an educated guess based on your observation

prediction

says what will happen in an experiment if the hypothesis is correct

experiment

A procedure that tests, a hypothesis or theory, or compares models and hypotheses

results

Reports what happened in the experiment

Experimental group

The group in an experiment that receives the treatment or condition being tested

control group

The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or condition being tested

basic science

research aimed at understanding fundamental principles and concepts without immediate practical application. It builds a foundation for applied sciences.

applied science

research focused on using scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and create new technologies or products

what are the 8 characteristics of living things?

Cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, response to stimuli, adaptation through evolution, heredity

how is the levels of organization in living organisms arranged?

from the simplest to the most complex

what are each of the levels of organization in living organisms from 1 to 9?

1. cell

2. Tissue

3. Organ

4. Organ system

5. organism

6. population

7. Community

8. Ecosystem

9. biosphere

what is the theory of evolution?

The scientific explanation for how species change overtime through natural selection, genetic variation and adaption

what does the theory of evolution propose about all living organisms?

they all share a common ancestor and that species evolve and diversify as they adapt to their environments over long periods of time

what are the three domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

what are examples of organisms in the bacteria domain of life?

E. coli and streptococcus

What are examples of organisms in the archaea domain of life?

halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles

what are examples of organisms in the eukarya domain of life?

animals, plants, fungi

molecular biology

looks at how molecules like DNA and proteins work together to control biological functions

biochemistry

Studies the chemistry of biological molecules and how they drive the functions of living cells

microbiology

examines tiny organisms that are not visible to the naked eye and how they affect health, the environment, and ecosystems

neurobiology

looks at how the brain and nervous system operate and how they affect behavior and bodily functions

paleontology

investigates fossils to learn about ancient life and earth’s history

zoology

examines animals, and how they live, work, and interact with their surroundings

Botany

focuses on plants and how they grow, work, and their role in the environment

What does the abbreviation "mL" represent in units?

.001 Liter

When water is poured into a graduated cylinder, the curved surface shape of the water is called the:

meniscus

The length of the line below is:

12.2 cm

Formula for density

                        Density = mass divided by volume (D=m/v)

A piece of metal is placed in a plastic cup. The empty plastic cup weighs 7 grams. The combined mass of the metal and the plastic cup is 200 grams. A graduated cylinder contains 50 mL of water. When the metal is dropped into the graduated cylinder, the water level rises to 60 mL. What is the density of the metal?

19.3 g/mL

The density of water is 1 g/mL. You determine that an irregular shaped object has a volume of 10 mL and a mass of 5 grams. What is the density of the object?

0.5 g/mL

A piece of metal is placed in a plastic cup. The empty plastic cup weighs 7 grams. The combined mass of the metal and the plastic cup is 200 grams. A graduated cylinder contains 50 mL of water. When the metal is dropped into the graduated cylinder, the water level rises to 60 mL. What is the mass of the metal?

193 grams

Convert 8 millimeters to meters

.008 meters

Convert 2.465 m to cm

246.5 cm

Convert .674 kg to grams

674 grams

Convert 100 cm to meters.

1 meter

Convert 250 grams to kilograms

.250 kg