SCIENCE LESSON 1 | 3RD QUARTER | REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

is a collection of internal and
external organs — in both males and
females — that work together for
the purpose of procreating to
ensure the survival of the species.

Reproductive System

the one that differs most between
sexes, and the only system that
does not function until puberty

Reproductive System

The male external sexual organ. It deposits the sperm into the vagina of the female.

Penis

Is a loose pouch sac like skin that hangs behind and below the penis. It also acts as the climate control system for the testes.

Scrotum

Produce the sperm
and hormones

Testes

Also known as the
testicle or gonads.

Testes

It is the primary
male reproductive
organ

Testes

Duct Systems:

Transports mature sperm to the urethra

Vas Deferens

Duct Systems:

Sperms mature in epididymis and also serves as the storage area of the sperm.

Epididymis

It opens and expels semen to the urethra.

Ejaculatory Duct

Also a part of the excretory system, responsible for excreting out urine from the body. It is 8 - 10 inches long.

Uretha

It contains proteins and mucus which is alkaline to help the sperm to survive the acidic vagina

Seminal fluid

Produce a sugar-
riched fluid that
provides energy for
the sperm. Also, it
produces and stores
the seminal fluid

Seminal Vesicles

It produces large portion
of fluid that is milky
white, and contains
protein, enzymes and
other chemicals that
supports and protects
the sperm during
ejaculation

Prostate Gland

Also known as bulbourethral gland. It secretes an alkaline fluid to the urethra. This fluid lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the urine.

Cowper’s Gland

External Genitalia:

External part of the female
reproductive organ

Vulva

External Genitalia:


The fleshy area above the vaginal opening

Mons Pubis

External Genitalia:


enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.

Labia Majora

External Genitalia:


Surrounds the opening of the vagina and the urethra

Labia Minora

External Genitalia:


It joins the two labias and
serves as a sensory organ

Clitoris

External Genitalia:

a piece of tissue covering
or surrounding part of the
vaginal opening.

Hymen

External Genitalia:

It is the exit point of the urine

Urethral Opening

External Genitalia:


allows menstrual blood and babies to exit the body.

Vaginal Opening

Female Reproductive System:

A muscular canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It is lined with mucous membranes to keep it moist.

Vagina

Female Reproductive System:

The lowest part of
the uterus. The cavity
in the middle allows
sperm to enter and
menstrual blood to
exit.

Cervix

Female Reproductive System:

A pear-shaped organ and It’s where a fertilized egg implants during pregnancy and where the baby develops until birth

Uterus

Female Reproductive System:

These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as pathways for the ovum to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.

Fallopian Tubes

Female Reproductive System:


These are small oval-
shaped glands that
are located on either
side of the uterus.
The ovaries produce
eggs and hormones.

Ovaries

modified sweat
glands that
produce milk to
nourish the
newborn infant.

Mammary Glands

lobes that divide into smaller compartments, which contains the milk secreting cells.

Lobules

Milk secreting cells.

Alveoli

it drains the milk from the lobules.

Lactiferous Ducts

the raised portion of the breast where the milk empties.

Nipple

The circular
pigmented area
that surrounds
the nipples

Areola

The Sex Cells:

The process of producing
sperms.

Spermatogenesis

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa

contains the genetic
material

Head

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa

contaiins the
mitochondria where energy of the
cell is produced

Midpiece

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa

also known as the flagellum
which allows the sperm to move

Tail

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa Defects

a low concentration of sperm cells in the
semen.

Oligozoospermia

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa Defects

alterations in sperm motility due to
defects that prevent or impede the
forward movement of the spermatazoa.

Asthenozoospermia

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa Defects

when the spermatazoa have a poor morphology, whether it be the head, neck or tail.

Teratozoospermia

The Sex Cells: Spermatozoa Defects

The genetic material found in the nucleus is broken or damaged.

DNA fragmentation

The process of producing ovum.

Oogenesis

is the monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus.

Menstruation

is a term to describe the sequence of events that occur in the female body as it prepares for the possibility of pregnancy each month.

Menstrual Cycle

It begins on the first day of your period. It's when the lining of your uterus sheds through your vagina if pregnancy hasn’t occurred.

The menses phase

This refers to the prepaparation of the ovarian endocrine tissues and subsequent release of the egg cell.

Ovarian Cycle

During this time, the level of the hormone estrogen rises, which causes the lining of your uterus to grow and thicken. In addition, another hormone FSH— causes follicles in your ovaries to grow.

Follicular Phase

This phase occurs roughly at about day 14 in a 28-day menstrual cycle. A sudden increase in another hormone — luteinizing hormone (LH) — causes your ovary to release its egg. This event is ovulation.

Ovulation Phase

This phase lasts from about day 15 to day 28. Your egg leaves your ovary and begins to travel through your fallopian tubes to your uterus. The level of the hormone progesterone rises to help prepare your uterine lining for pregnancy.

Luteal Phase

refers to the gradual decline in menstrual period between 45 - 55 years old unitl it completely stops.

Menopause

Menopausal Stage:

The point of decline in the female sex hormones.

Perimenopause

Menopausal Stage:

the stoppage of the menstrual period

Menopause

Menopausal Stage:

starts one year after the last menstrual period.

Postmenopause

Gestation:

is the first step,
where an egg and sperm join

CONCEPTION

Gestation:


the joined sperm and egg plant
like a seed into the uterine lining

FERTILIZATION

Gestation:

It begins at conception when a
sperm and egg join in the
fallopian tube.

GERMINAL STAGE

Gestation:

The blastocyst begins to take on distinct human characteristics. It’s now called an embryo.

EMBRYONIC STAGE

Gestation:

begins around the ninth week and lasts until birth.

FETAL STAGE