26.6m Bag-Valve Ventilation of the Pediatric Patient

pediatric patient’s anatomy

The differences in the (?) require some variation in ventilation technique.

flat nasal bridge

First, the child’s relatively (?) makes achieving a mask seal more difficult.

more compressible

Pressing the mask against the child’s face to improve the seal can actually obstruct the airway, which is (?) than an adult’s.

two-person BVM technique

You can best achieve the mask seal with the (?) using a jaw thrust to maintain an open airway.

bag size

For BVM ventilation, the (?) depends on the child’s age.

450 mL

Full-term neonates and infants require a pediatric BVM with a capacity of at least (?).

8 years

For children up to (?) of age, the pediatric BVM is preferred, although you can use an adult BVM with a capacity of 1,500 mL for patients in the upper portion of that age range if you do not maximally inflate it.

adult BVM

Children older than 8 years require an (?) to achieve adequate tidal volumes.

mask fits properly

Additionally, be certain that the (?) from the bridge of the nose to the cleft of the chin.

Broselow tape

If a length-based resuscitation tape (?) is available, you can use it to help determine the proper mask size.

mouth and nose

To achieve a proper mask seal, place the mask over the patient’s (?) .

eyes

Avoid compressing the (?).

C-grip

Using one hand, place your thumb on the mask at the apex and your index finger on the mask at the chin (?).

gentle pressure

Apply (?) downward on the mask to establish an adequate seal.

bony prominence

Maintain the airway by lifting the chin’s (?) with the remaining fingers forming an E under the jaw.

soft area

Avoid placing pressure on the (?) under the chin.

two-rescuer technique

You can use the one-rescuer technique, although the (?) is more effective.

chest rise

Ventilate according to current standards, obtaining (?) with each breath.

Squeeze

Begin the ventilation and say, “(?) ,” providing just enough volume to initiate chest rise—being very careful not to overinflate the child’s lungs.

exhalation

Allow adequate time for (?) , saying, “Release, release.”

Squeeze, release, release

Continue ventilations, maintaining the correct timing by saying, “(?) .”

three criteria

Use (?) to assess adequacy of ventilations: (1) look for adequate chest rise, (2) listen for lung sounds at the third intercostal space, midaxillary line, and (3) assess for clinical improvement (skin color and heart rate).