1 - reigonal variation in writing, Nini Et Al (2020) and dialect literature

how is regional variation in writing demonstrated?

• nonstandard respellings

• attempts to represent local pronunciations using standard English

• studies of nonstandard respellings on Twitter indicated strong geographical patterns of the areas being represented

Nini Et Al (2020) findings

maps generated to spot where people are using different spellings for different pronunciations across social media AW to UW in words (aboot, ootside, soon, toon…) more common in north/Scotland and north east

FOOT - STRUT split (dun, enuf, landan/lundun, lav, luv)

T-to-R : (gerroff, gera, gerrup, lorra, shurrup) more common in north east and north west

happY-laxing: (babeh, citeh, funneh, happeh, sorreh) largely used in places like manchester, some more north west

TH-fronting: (fanks, fing, fink, norf, wiv) common in liverpool, manchester and north east areas

TH-stopping: (dat, dem, dere, ting, wid, bruver) concentrated in london area, slightly in the west of scotland too

H-dropping: (ad, ave, ere, ey, appy, ello, ard) common in Scotland, south wales, lonson, north east and parts of the north west

G-dropping: (amazin, comin, doin, gettin, goin, havin…) largely concentrated in the north west, partially in London and lots in Scotland too

what is the great vowel shift?

a shift in pronunciation in the C12th and C13th, though it didnt complete, pronunciations went from ‘doon’ to ‘dawn’ but in some parts of the North East we still see some pre-great vowel shift pronunciations being preserved e.g., ‘toon’ , ‘aboot’ ,' 'ootside’

what is involved in dialect literature

written totally in dialect, and is predominantly by locals for the locals 

what is the difference between dialect literature and literary dialect?

dialect literature is written totally in dialect, whereas literary dialect is written majority in standard English but some parts are in dialect,

dialect literature is by locals for locals but literary dialect is aimed at a larger audience.