ORGANIC NITRATES

What is the primary mechanism of action of Nitroglycerin?

Nitroglycerin is converted to nitric oxide, which acts as a powerful vasodilator, relaxing smooth muscle in vessel walls.

What are the main effects of Nitroglycerin on the heart?

It causes venous dilation, reduces preload, decreases cardiac workload, and increases blood flow to ischemic areas through coronary artery dilation.

What is the onset and duration of action for sublingual Nitroglycerin?

Onset is 1-3 minutes and duration is ≥25 minutes.

What are the uses of Nitroglycerin?

It is used for acute angina attacks, chronic angina prevention, MI pain, perioperative hypertension, and pulmonary edema in preeclampsia.

What should be done to prevent tolerance to long-acting nitrates?

Schedule a 10-12 hour nitrate-free interval daily, usually done overnight.

List two contraindications for using Nitroglycerin.

Hypersensitivity and severe anemia.

What are common adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

Headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension.

What should be monitored when administering IV Nitroglycerin?

Monitor BP, HR, and use a cardiac monitor with an infusion pump.

What patient advice should be given regarding sublingual Nitroglycerin?

Take at the first sign of chest pain; if no relief after 3 doses in 15 minutes, call 911.

What common interaction should be avoided with Nitroglycerin?

Do not take with phosphodiesterase inhibitors like Viagra, Cialis, or Levitra due to the risk of life-threatening hypotension.