Civil Rights and Related Movements

Flashcards for reviewing lecture notes on civil rights and related historical events.

Freedom Summer

A campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)

A political party organized in 1964 to challenge the legitimacy of the white-only Democratic Party in Mississippi and advocate for civil rights.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, increasing federal power to ban discrimination in public places.

Freedom Schools

Alternative schools set up during Freedom Summer to provide education and political organization for African Americans in Mississippi.

Black Power Movement

A political and social movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s that emphasized racial pride, economic empowerment, and self-determination for African Americans.

Black Panthers

A revolutionary Black nationalist and socialist organization founded in 1966, advocating for the rights of African Americans and often confronting police brutality.

Nation of Islam

A religious and political organization founded in the 1930s that advocated for black self-sufficiency and separatism.

Elijah Muhammad

Leader of the Nation of Islam who preached black empowerment, separation from white society, and adherence to Islamic principles.

Malcolm X

An influential advocate for Black rights who initially promoted black nationalism and separatism but later embraced a more inclusive approach before his assassination.

Loving v. Virginia

A landmark 1967 Supreme Court case that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming the right to marry as a civil right.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

A Supreme Court case that addressed the issue of desegregation in schools, emphasizing the need for effective integration measures.

Agency

The capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power

Historiography

The study of the methods and principles used in historical research and writing.

Redlining

The discriminatory practice of denying services (e.g., loans, insurance) to residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity.

Miscegenation Laws

Laws that prohibit the marriage of people from different racial backgrounds.