5th Grade Math Practice Test Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key 5th grade mathematics concepts, definitions, rules, and formulas from the practice test review lecture.

Decimal Place Values (Tenths, Hundredths, Thousandths)

The positions to the right of the decimal point, where the first position represents tenths ($\frac{1}{10}$), the second represents hundredths ($\frac{1}{100}$), and the third represents thousandths ($\frac{1}{1000}$).

Division by Powers of 10 Rule

A calculation rule where dividing a decimal number by $10^n$ shifts the decimal point $n$ places to the left.

Power of 10

An expression where $10$ is raised to an exponent indicating how many times $10$ is multiplied by itself, such as $10^2 = 10 \times 10 = 100$.

Rounding Rules for Decimals

The standard process where a digit of $5$ or greater in the place to the right indicates rounding up, while a digit of $4$ or less indicates rounding down.

Inequality Symbols ($>$ and $<$)

Mathematical symbols used to compare values, where $>$ represents greater than and $<$ represents less than.

Improper Fraction

A fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, resulting in a value greater than or equal to $1$.

Expanded Form with Exponents

A method of writing a number by expressing each place value as a digit multiplied by a power of $10$, such as $7042 = 7 \times 10^3 + 4 \times 10^1 + 2$.

Keep-Change-Flip Method

A step-by-step technique for dividing fractions where you keep the first fraction, change division to multiplication, and flip the second fraction to its reciprocal.

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The smallest positive integer that is a multiple of two or more given numbers, used to find common denominators when adding or subtracting fractions.

Prime Number

A whole number greater than $1$ that has exactly two factors: $1$ and itself (for example, $2$, $3$, $5$, $7$, $29$, $31$). Note that $1$ is not a prime number.

Composite Number

A whole number that has more than two factors, meaning it is divisible by numbers other than $1$ and itself (for example, $51$, which equals $3 \times 17$).

Digit Sum Divisibility Rule for 3

A divisibility rule stating that if the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by $3$, the original number is also divisible by $3$.

Cross-Multiplication Method for Comparing Fractions

A shortcut method to compare two fractions $\frac{a}{b}$ and $\frac{c}{d}$ by comparing the products $a \times d$ and $b \times c$.

Customary Units of Capacity (Liquid Measurement)

Units of liquid volume where $1\,\text{gallon}$ equals $4\,\text{quarts}$, $1\,\text{quart}$ equals $2\,\text{pints}$, and $1\,\text{pint}$ equals $2\,\text{cups}$.

Order of Operations (PEMDAS)

The rule establishing the evaluation order of mathematical expressions: Parentheses/Brackets, Exponents, Multiplication/Division (left to right), and Addition/Subtraction (left to right).

Quadrilateral

A four-sided polygon, which includes geometric figures such as trapezoids, squares, rectangles, and rhombuses.

Rhombus

A quadrilateral and parallelogram that has four sides of equal length.

Perimeter of a Rectangle

The total distance around the outside of a rectangle, calculated by adding all four side lengths: $P = 2 \times l + 2 \times w$.

Prime Factorization

The process of breaking down a composite number into a product of prime numbers, such as $72 = 2^3 \times 3^2$.

Coordinate Grid Point Plotting

The method of locating an ordered pair $(x, y)$ by starting at the origin $(0, 0)$, moving $x$ units horizontally to the right, and then $y$ units vertically up.

Place Value 10-Times Relationship

The rule stating that a digit in one position represents $10$ times the value it represents in the position immediately to its right.

Volume of a Rectangular Prism

The total amount of 3D space inside a rectangular prism, calculated using the formula $V = l \times w \times h$.