[STUDY] Profesion dental terminology

Dental team members

Dentist

• Diagnose

• Treatment plan

• Restorative treatment

Dental hygienist

• Preventive care

• Prophylaxis (routine cleaning)*

• Oral cancer screening*

• Periodontal screening (screen for gingivitis or periodontitis)

• Patient education

Dental assistant

• Assist dentist

• Radiographs

• Temporary crown

• Preventive education

Dental lab technician

• Make crowns

• Bridges

• Dentures

Receptionist/ Office manager

• Administrative duties

Dental therapist

• Preventive/ restorative care in certain states

Community dental health coordinates (CDHC)

• Connect underserved people to dentists

Primary dentition

• 20 teeth (10 top and bottom)

• No premolars

• 2 molars per quadrant

Permanent dentition

• 32 teeth

• 8 incisors

• 4 canines

• 8 premolars

• 12 molars

Maxillary arch = upper

Mandibular arch = lower

Quadrants

Q1 = Upper right

Q2 = Upper left

Q3 = Lower left

Q4 = Lower right

Separated by the midline

Tooth types

Incisors

• Cut

Canines

• Tear

‘

Premolars

• Crush

Molars

• Grind

Periodontium consists of

• Gingiva

• Periodontal ligaments

  • Attaches cementum to bone

• Alveolar bone

• Cementum

G-PAC

Tooth materials

Crown

• Visible portion of tooth

Root

• Below gingiva

Enamel

• Hardest substance in body

• Covers crown

Cementum

• Covers root

Dentin

• Softer than enamel

• Under enamel and cementum

Pulp

• Nerves and blood vessels

• Center of tooth

Healthy gingiva

• Pink

• Firm

• Stippled

• 1—3 mm sulcus

• Interdental papillae between teeth

Dental plaque / Biofilm

• Soft bacterial deposits

• Cause caries and periodontal disease

• Supragingival (above gumline) or subgingival (below gumline)

Calculus (tartar)

• Hardened plaque

• 70-90% inorganic salts

• Provides surface for plaque/biofilm to attach

• Must be professionally removed

Carious lesion (caries)

• Cavity

Progression

• White spots (demineralization)

  • Enamel and dentin decay

  • Pulp involvement = Root canal or extraction

Types

• Occlusal caries

• Interproximal caries

• Root caries

Caries prevention

Fluoride

• Makes enamel more resistant to decay

  • Fluoride varnish

  • Fluoridated water

  • Fluoride rinse (mouthwash)

Sealants

• Placed on pits and fissure of molars (occlusal) to prevent decay

Gingivitis vs periodontitis

Gingivitis

• Reversible

• No bone loss

• Red (erythemic)

• Swollen (edematous)

• bleeding

Caused by

• Plaque accumulation — gingival margins & interproximal areas

• Poor oral hygiene

• Diabetes, stress, smoking, pregnancy, puberty

Treatment

• Sulcular cleaning (flossing) + brushing 2x /day

Periodontitis

• Irreversible

• Bone loss

• Deep pockets

• Mobility

• Possible tooth loss

Treatment

• Nonsurgical

  • Scaling and root planing

  • Antimicrobials

• Surgical

  • Grafts

Periodontal charts

Track patient progress

In vitro

Laboratory

In vivo

In humans

Restorative dentistry

Amalgam

• Strong

• Posterior teeth only

• Silver colored

Composite

• Tooth colored

• Weaker than amalgam

Crown

• Covers entire tooth

Bridge

• Replace missing teeth w/ adjacent teeth

Denture

• Removable replacement

Implant

• Artificial root placed in bone

• Crown → abutment (natural teeth)→ implant

Tooth whitening

Extrinsic stain

• Outside tooth

  • Coffee, tea, tobacco

Intrinsic stain

• Inside tooth

  • Againg

  • Oral disease

  • Trauma

  • Medication

  • Fluorosis (excess fluoride consumption)

Dentin major contributor to overall color

The enamel is made up of

95% calcium phosphate — hydroxyapatite

Fluorapatite

Resistant to demineralization and decay

Disclosing agent

Chewable tablet — makes plaque visible

Endodontics

Specialized in root canals

Exfoliation

Loss of primary teeth

Expectorate

To split

monofluorophosphate & stannous fluoride

Type of fluoride in toothpaste

neutral sodium fluoride

Fluoride used in dental offices to prevent decay

Oral and maxillofacial pathology

Oral and maxillofacial radiology

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Specializes in pathological problems

Specializes in radiology

Specializes in surgery of head, neck, mouth

Panoramic image

Entire image of maxillary and mandibular

• Looks at third molars abnormalities

Periodontics

• Specializes in periodontium

Stippled

pebbly look

like orange peel texture

Veneer

Restoration — covers facial portion of tooth

Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)

Fluoride used in dental office