English I Final Exam Review Sheet

Rhetoric

 the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

Ethos (ethics)

 persuasion through the speaker’s or writer’s education, experience, trustworthy, likability and motivation

Pathos (sympathy/empathy)

persuasion through emotional appeal

Logos (Logic)

 persuasion through logic argument

·  reasoning, facts, statistics, expert opinion, research/studies

Rhetorical Question

a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.

·  Do you want to be successful?

Parallelism

using similar words, clauses, phrases, sentence structure, or other grammatical elements to emphasize similar ideas in a sentence.

·  Cousins by chance; friends by choice   no pain, no gain Where there is smoke, there is fire * when the going gets tough, the tough get going

Propaganda

presenting one sided information to promote an opinion and

Restatement

an act of stating the same idea in different words

·  Studying is important to success now and in the future.   *Education is the key having a multitude of opportunities and career choices.

 Loaded Language/Emotive Language/ Emotional Appeal

 is using strong, emotionally charged  language; words with positive and negative associations to those words that draws attention to the point

• Suffering, deadly, survival, indispensable

Denotation

the dictionary meaning of a word

·  Finance

Connotation

 the positive or negative charge that a word may have

·  clever (+)  vs. devious (-) ; brave (+)  vs. reckless (-)

Context Clues

hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.

Author’s purpose

 the author’s reason for writing

·  P = Persuade

·  I = Inform

·  E = Entertain

MLA Format

size 12 font, Times New Roman, Double-spaced, heading, header, citations and Works Cited page with a one inch margin around the paper, except for the header, which is a half inch front the top of the page

Parenthetical Citation

is the in-text citation, which follows a quote in the text/paragraph to give credit to the source, including the author’s last name and the page number

·  “I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you” (Steinbeck 15).

MLA Heading

your name, the teacher’s name, the class, & the date

John Smith

Ms. Ryan

English I

8 June 2023

Header

 is your last name a half inch down from the top of the page in the right corner with a sequential number for each page·                                                                                                                 Smith 1

Titles

titles of small writings (articles, short stories, poems, songs, speeches) are identified with “quotation marks” & titles of long writings (books, plays, newspapers) are underlined. Both small writings and longs writings can be italics.

·      Romeo and Juliet or Romeo and Juliet (play); “The Road Not Taken” or The Road Not Taken (poem)

Speaker

the character or narrator of the poem

·  The narrator of the poem, “The Road Not Taken,” was a person with a substantial amount of life experience.

Stanza

a group of lines that are surrounded by extra spaces in a poem The poem, “The Road Not Taken,” contains four stanzas.