Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis converts light energy into __________ energy (sugar).

chemical

The two linked sets of reactions in photosynthesis are __________ and __________.

light-dependent; light-independent (Calvin cycle)

Chloroplasts are the __________ organelles in green plants.

photosynthetic

Chlorophylls absorb blue and red light and transmit __________ light.

green

Carotenoids absorb blue and green light, transmitting __________, __________, or __________ light.

yellow; orange; red

The rate of photosynthesis is best in the __________ and __________ light.

blue; red

Accessory pigments like carotenoids protect chlorophyll from __________.

damage

Light-dependent reactions occur in the __________ membrane of chloroplasts.

thylakoid

Photosystem II passes electrons to the __________ __________ chain.

electron transport

ATP synthase is responsible for making __________ during the light-dependent reactions.

ATP

In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is added to __________, catalyzed by enzyme rubisco.

RuBP

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is formed during the __________ step of the Calvin cycle.

reduction

G3P can be converted to glucose or __________ for transport throughout the plant.

fructose

Photorespiration occurs when __________ levels are high in cells, causing rubisco to use oxygen instead.

oxygen

C4 and CAM are alternative processes to prevent __________ during photosynthesis.

photorespiration