A&P - 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular organization (non-membranous organelles)

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10 Terms

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non-membranous organelles

  • not completely enclosed by membrane so that all of their components are in direct contact with the cytosol

  • includes: cytoskeleton, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes

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cytoskeleton

  • formed by rod-like proteins that have an important role in maintaining cell shape and structure and cellular movement

  • consists of: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

<ul><li><p>formed by rod-like proteins that have an important role in maintaining cell shape and structure and cellular movement</p></li><li><p>consists of: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments</p></li></ul><p></p>
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microtubules

thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support, resist compression

<p>thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support, resist compression</p>
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<p>centrosome</p>

centrosome

  • region near the nucleus

  • organizes microtubules during cell division

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centrioles

  • cylindrical structures composed of short microtubules - provides the origin for microtubule growth

  • two centrioles are located at the centrosomes

  • during cell division centrioles are associated with the formation of spindle fibers which move the strands of DNA to the poles

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microfilaments

smallest of the cytoskeleton elements, composed of the protein actin that forms chains, common in the periphery of the cell, provides cellular structural support, large component of muscle tissue and muscle contraction

<p>smallest of the cytoskeleton elements, composed of the protein actin that forms chains, common in the periphery of the cell, provides cellular structural support, large component of muscle tissue and muscle contraction</p>
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intermediate filaments

strongest and most durable of the cytoskeleton elements, made up of subunits of a protein called keratin that would together like the threads of a rope, resist tension

<p>strongest and most durable of the cytoskeleton elements, made up of subunits of a protein called keratin that would together like the threads of a rope, resist tension</p>
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microvilli

  • finger-shaped extension of the plasma membrane

  • greatly increase surface area of the cell and enhance its ability to absorb nutrients from the extracellular fluid

<ul><li><p>finger-shaped extension of the plasma membrane</p></li><li><p>greatly increase surface area of the cell and enhance its ability to absorb nutrients from the extracellular fluid</p></li></ul><p></p>
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cilia

long slender extensions (hair like) of microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cellular surface

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ribosomes

cellular organelle that functions in protein synthesis and often attached to endoplasmic reticulum

  • the more protein a cell synthesizes the more ribosomes it has