Gravitational Forces and Electrostatic forces

The formula used to calculate the gravitational force between two objects.

Gravitational Constant × Mass of first object × Mass of the second object) / (Distance between the centre of two bodies)

The constant in the gravitational force equation, approximately equal to 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N(m²/kg²).

G — Gravitational constant. It is equal to 6.674×10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg

The unit of force in the International System of Units (SI).

Newton,

The point within an object where all its mass can be considered to be concentrated.

Center of mass

The force experienced by an object due to the gravitational pull of the Earth.

F = m a

.The factor that increases when the distance between two objects decreases, affecting gravitational force.

decreases with increasing distance between objects.

decreases with increasing distance between objects.

The factor that must increase in order to increase gravitational force between two objects, according to Newton’s Law of Gravitation.

mass of one of the objects is doubled,

The type of force that does not require direct contact between two objects to act.

Gravity as well as electrostatic and magnetic attraction and repulsion

The planet in our solar system that exerts the greatest gravitational pull due to its mass.

Jupiter

F=

Force

G

Gravitational constant 6.67x10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2

M1

Mass 1

M2

Mass 2

R=

Distance between centers of masses

Gravitational Constant

F=G*m1*m2/r2

"On a gravity hill, it appears that objects roll uphill against the force of gravity. How can we explain this illusion using the concept of gravitational force? What role does the shape of the landscape and our perception of gravitational forces play in creating this phenomenon?"

Illusion of Objects rolling uphill on a gravity hill is created by the combination of gravitational force acting downward and the optical illusion caused by the shape of the landscape.

Two satellites orbit Earth at different distances. Satellite A orbits at a distance of 10,000 km from Earth, and Satellite B orbits at a distance of 20,000 km. According to the law of gravitation, how will the gravitational force on Satellite B compare to the force on Satellite A?

The gravitational force on Satellite B will be one-fourth that on Satellite A.

The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.97×1024 kg, and the mass of the Moon is approximately 7.35×1022 kg. If the distance between the Earth and the Moon is 384,400 km, what happens to the gravitational force between them if the distance is halved?

It quadruples.

A 70 kg astronaut on the surface of Earth weighs about 686 N due to gravity. If the astronaut travels to a planet with twice the mass of Earth but the same radius, what would be the astronaut’s new weight?

1,372 N

Two objects, one with mass 4 kg and the other with mass 8 kg, are placed 2 meters apart. If the gravitational force between them is F, what will be the new gravitational force if the distance between them is reduced to 1 meter?

4F

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an altitude of about 400 km. If the mass of the ISS increases due to added equipment, how does this affect the gravitational force between the Earth and the ISS?

The gravitational force increases because the mass of the ISS increases.

The attractive force of a large planet or moon. The source of this pull is a force that acts at a distance on objects with mass, without touching them.

Gravitational Pull

Force between two or more objects (sometimes called Static Electricity).

Electrostatic

What is the definition for Static Electricity?

Static electricity is defended the accumulation of electric charge on the surface of an object. THis charge remains stationary (hence “static”) until it is discharged,usually resulting in a sudden release of electricity. it occurs when there is an imbalance of positive and negative chargers within or on the surface of a material often caused by friction,contact or separation between different materials.

can affect objects without touching them and Attractive (pulling an object).

Magnetic forces

an affect objects without touching them, however, they can be Attractive (pulling an object) OR Repulsive (pushing an object).

Non contact forces

Give two examples from your reading of an Electrostatic force

Attraction: When a balloon is rubbed against hair, it gains a negative charge, while the hair becomes positively charged. The balloon attracts the hair due to the opposite charges.

Two negatively charged plastic rods (after being rubbed with a cloth) will repel each other, demonstrating that like charges repel.

Repulsion:

1 How does the Electrostatic Force Work?

Why is the balloon attracted to the wall both when it has a positive charge and when it has a negative charge?

When the balloon has a positive charge it attracts negative charges to the wall creating an induced negative region when it has a negative charges it pushes away negative charges leaving positive charges closer to the balloon in both cases the attraction arises from these opposite charges.

How can a moving charge be guided through the maze?

Electric fields and Magnetic fields

Describe when you changed the charge of the moving particle

.Magnetic Field Change: Since the magnetic field is dependent on the velocity and charge of the particle, changing the charge would also affect the magnetic field generated by the particle.

Why did you need to make these changes?

Because of the magnetic fields there are atoms and quarks everywhere we are even made of stardust

A positive and negative charge _________ each other.

Attract

Two negative charges or two positive charges ________ each other.

Repel

Electromagnetic and gravitational forces are two of the four f

Fundamental Forces

Do you know what the other two universal forces are?

Electromagnetic force and Gravitational force

The electromagnetic and gravitational forces both act at extremely short and extremely long distances. It is impractical to measure these distances using a string of zeros, so scientists use

Scientific notation

Write the definition for Scientific Notation.

Scientific notation is a method of expressing large or small numbers in a compact form using powers of ten. It is typically written as ( a \times 10^n ), where ( a ) is a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10, and ( n ) is an integer that indicates the number of places the decimal point has been moved. This format allows for easier calculations and clearer communication of values that would otherwise require many zeros. For example, the number 3,000 can be expressed in scientific notation as ( 3.0 \times 10^3 ).

How would you express the number 0.00000115 in scientific notation?

1.15

What decimal number is equivalent to 5.02 x 107?

50,200,000

Write 7,350 in scientific notation

7.35x10^3

Write 54,300,000 in scientific notation

5.43x10^7

Write 0.000216 in scientific notation

_2.16x10^-4

What decimal number is equivalent to 7.5 x 10-5?

0.000075_

f either a force or the variable increases while the other decreases, they are

Not proportional

Gravitational Force vs. Mass - force increases as mass increases, meaning force and mass are

Directly proportional.

Gravitational Force vs. Distance - force decreases as distance increases, meaning that force and the square of the distance are

inversely proportional.

Electrostatic Force vs. Charge - force increases as charge increases meaning that force and charge are

Directly Proportional

Electrostatic Force vs. Distance - force decreases as distance increases, meaning that force and distance are

Inversely proportional.