Data Analysis

Formula For calculating Z-Scores

Two most common forms of analysis used for two variables

Cross-tabs and Chi-Square

Steps to calculate percentage

• First, choose the variable for which you are creating a percentage, deciding the part and whole you are comparing

• Then, divide the smaller number (the part) by the larger number (the whole)

• Finally, you multiply that proportion by 100

What does the symbol “fₑ” mean

Expected frequency

Four measures of variability

• Standard deviation

• Interquartile Range

• Range

• Variance

What type of data can be tested with Chi-Square

Significant relationship between two nominal or ordinal variables

What data is used to analysis a Likert Scale

Ordinal

How do you calculate the Interquartile Range?

• First, place all data points in order from least to greatest

• Then, divide the data into 4 equal groups

• Focusing on the data on the second and third groups (The inner 50%) calculate the range from the lowest and highest numbers in the inner 50%

What is the formula used to calculate?

Variance

What is meant by the term control variable?

An additional variable in a bivariate relationship that is controlled for when we take into account its effect on the variables in the relationship.

What is meant by the term p-value

The probability that an obtained value was obtained due to random chance or error

Define the Central Limit Theorem

The Central Limit Theorem states that if all possible random samples of size N are drawn from a population with mean 𝝻y and standard deviation σy , then as N becomes larger the sampling distribution of samples means becomes approximately normal

Three different symbols used in SPSS to denote the types of data being used

Nominal data is represented by the three separate blue, red, and green circles.

Ordinal data is represented by the histogram of blue, green, and red bars.

Ratio/Interval data is represented by the ruler.

Bivariant Table