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Psychology
scientific study of mind, brain, and behavior
Meehl's Maxim
believes that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior
Reactivity/Hawthorne Effect
people may act differently somewhere else than they actually do
Reciprocal Determinism
people influencing each other
Science
an approach to evidence, a toolbox of skills used to prevent us from fooling ourselves (not a body of knowledge)
Scientific Theory
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world
Hypothesis
testable prediction derived from a scientific theory
Scientific Study
1.) Theory
2.) Hypothesis
3.) Observation/Experimentation
4.) Peer Review
5.) Publish
Critical Thinking
the active application of a set of skills to information for the understanding and evaluation of that information
William James
created a psychology lab in 1875; first American psychologist
Functionalism
how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment
Sigmund Freud
came up with the psychoanalytic theory
Psychodynamic Theory
revised version of the psychoanalytic theory
John B. Watson
known as the father of Behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
created operant conditioning- skinner box
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Self-actualization
2. Esteem
3. Social
4. Security
5. Physiological
The Cognitive Revolution
focuses on the fact that behavior alone is short-sighted; reincorporated mental processes
Behaviorist Claim
event-> emotion (event triggers emotions)
Cognitivist Claim
event-> cognition-> emotion-> behavior (event is processed by the cognition which then triggers emotions and results in behavior)
American Psychological Association
professional organization representing psychologists in the United States
Behaviorism
focus on observing and controlling behavior
Biopsychology
study of how biology influences behavior
Biopsychosocial Model
perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual's health
Clinical Psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior
Cognitive Psychology
study of cognition, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
Counseling Psychology
area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals
Developmental Psychology
scientific study of development across a lifespan
Dissertation
long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate's doctoral training
Empirical Method
method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
Forensic Psychology
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system
Humanism
perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
Introspection
process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Ology
suffix that denotes "scientific study of"
Personality Psychology
study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique
Personality Trait
consistent pattern of thought and behavior
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences
Postdoctoral Training Program
allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field
Psyche
Greek word for "soul"
Psychoanalytic Theory
focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
PsyD (Doctor of Psychology)
doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context
Sport and Exercise Psychology
area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities
Structuralism
understanding the conscious experience through introspection
