Factors Influencing Aging

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aging, genetic factors, and lifestyle influences.

What are some factors that contribute to aging?

Genetics, mitochondrial DNA damage, lifestyle choices, and nutritional genomics.

What are Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)?

Differences in a single DNA building block that represent a common genetic variation in populations.

What does the HapMap Project do?

It catalogs the 10 million SNPs identified in the human genome.

What role do inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 play in aging?

They are associated with age-related disorders and higher mortality rates.

How much more frequently does damage occur to mitochondrial DNA compared to nuclear DNA?

Damage occurs 10 times more frequently to mitochondrial DNA.

What happens to DNA polymerase gamma's effectiveness as we age?

It becomes less effective at correcting errors in mitochondrial DNA replication.

How does caloric restriction influence lifespan?

It generally refers to a 20 to 40% reduction in daily energy intake, associated with extended healthy lifespan in various organisms but not conclusively in humans.

What were the lifestyle modifications recommended in the landmark study on diabetes prevention?

150 minutes of moderate exercise per week and following the Food Pyramid.

What was the reduction in diabetes incidence associated with lifestyle intervention?

58% reduction in diabetes incidence compared to placebo.

What lifestyle changes can influence healthy aging?

Healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle.