Bible, Greek, Roman, and Norse Mythology Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key figures, events, and concepts from the Old and New Testaments, as well as major stories and entities from Greek, Roman, and Norse mythology as detailed in the lecture transcript.

Hiddekel

The name used in the Old Testament for the Tigris river, which flows through east Assyria.

Bitumen

The substance used for mortar by the people who settled in the land of Shinar to build the Tower of Babel.

Covenant of Circumcision

A pact established when Abraham was $99$ years old, requiring all male descendants to be circumcised at $8$ days old as a sign of the agreement with God.

Israel

The new name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God at a place named Peniel.

Manna

The bread that rained from heaven to sustain the Israelites in the Desert of Sin, which they ate for $40$ years until reaching the border of Canaan.

Uriah the Hittite

The husband of Bathsheba and a soldier whom King David orchestrated to have killed in battle.

Delilah

The woman Samson fell in love with who betrayed him by discovering that his great strength came from his uncut hair.

The Teacher

The speaker in Ecclesiastes, identified as the king of Jerusalem and son of David, who declares that all labor and pleasures are meaningless.

Caiaphas

The high priest who schemed with the elders to arrest Jesus secretly and kill him.

Thirty pieces of silver

The specific amount of money given to Judas Iscariot by the chief priests for agreeing to betray Jesus.

Golgotha

The site where Jesus was crucified alongside two thieves.

The Beatitudes

The list of blessings for the humble, merciful, and peacemakers that occurs at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount.

Lazarus (John 9)

A man blind from birth who received his sight after Jesus applied mud to his eyes and told him to wash in the Pool of Siloam.

Chaos

The entity that existed in the beginning amidst endless darkness, producing two children: Night and Erebus.

Prometheus

A Titan and the savior of mankind whose name means "forethought," credited with fashioning humans and stealing fire from the sun for them.

Pandora

The first woman, whose name means "the gift of all," who was created by the gods as a punishment for mankind and opened a box releasing sins into the world.

The Labors of Hercules

A series of $12$ difficult tasks, such as killing the Nemean lion and cleaning the Augean stables, performed as penance for the murder of his family.

The Aegis

The shield of Zeus, upon which Athena eventually placed the head of the Gorgon Medusa.

The Labyrinth

The complex maze designed by Daedalus to confine the Minotaur, a monster that was half bull and half human.

Galatea

The ivory statue created by the sculptor Pygmalion that was brought to life by the goddess Venus.

Cupid and Psyche

The union between the God of Love and a mortal woman whose name means "Soul," which could not be broken once she was granted immortality.

Baucis and Philemon

An old, hospitable couple who were rewarded by Jupiter and Mercury for their kindness and eventually transformed into trees that grew together.

Echo

A nymph punished by Hera by only being able to repeat what was said to her, who later pined away for Narcissus.

Tantalus

A mortal who was punished in Hades with eternal hunger and thirst because he killed his son Pelops and served him to the gods at a feast.

The Sphinx

A monster with the face of a woman and the body of a winged lion that devoured wayfarers who could not answer her riddle.

Midas

The King of Phrygia who was given the power to turn everything he touched into gold and was later given asses' ears by Apollo for his poor judgment.

The Argo

The ship used by Jason and his group of heroes, known as the Argonauts, to seek the Golden Fleece in Colchis.

The Norns

Also known as the Norms, these three beings (Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld) are more powerful than the gods and shape human destinies in Norse mythology.

Valhalla

The place in Asgard where warriors are buried after their death.

Bifrost

The rainbow bridge that connects the realm of gods, Asgard, to the realm of humans, Midgard.

Ragnarok

The cataclysmic end of the world in Norse mythology, marking a final battle where many gods, including Thor and Odin, perish.