psychology chapter 15: depressive and anxiety disorders

the tendency to seek out information that is consistent with one’s original conclusions, and to disregard info that might contradict those conclusions.

Confirmation bias

True or false?

The DSM’s categories are to grounded in scientific research and not enough on professional opinion

False

True or false?

The DSM’s categories are descriptions of symptoms of disorders, not underlying causes.

True

True or false? 

The DSM was formulated by clinicians whose beliefs about psychological health may be biased against women 

True 

True or false?

The DSM’s use could lead to the overdiagnosis of mental illness among certain cultural and social groups

True

If you go to a doctor and list off symptoms and she says “you have a virus.”

is the virus the cause of your symptoms?

Yes, having a virus would cause you to develop those symptoms

If you go to a doctor and list off your symptoms and she says “you have depression.” 

is depression the cause of your symptoms? 

NO! Depression doesn’t cause those symptoms. 

Its a label we use for a group of symptoms. 

Gain insight into unconscious causes of psychological distress

psychoanalysis

Use environmental experiences to teach new behavioral and emotional responses

Behavioral therapy

Identify and modify clients irrational, self-defeating thinking 

Cognitive therapy 

Provide an interpersonal relationship that enables psychological growth

Humanistic therapy

Use group dynamics to instill hope and increase self-understanding

Group therapy

Psychoanalysis’s key figure 

Sigmund Freud 

Behavioral therapy’s key figure

Joseph wolpe

Cognitive therapy’s key figure

Aaron beck

Humanistic therapy’s key figure 

Carl rogers 

Group therapy’s key figure

Irvin Yalom

A class or medication most commonly prescribed to treat depression

SSRIs

a set of symptoms lasting two weeks or longer 

Major depressive disorder 

Depressive disorder characterized by extreme variations in mood, from severe depression to mania

Bipolar disorder

Abnormally upbeat; increased activity, energy or agitation; exaggerated sense of well-being and self confidence(euphoria), decreased need for sleep; unusual talkativeness; racing thoughts; distractibility; poor decision-making

Mania

Drugs commonly used for bipolar disorder 

Antipsychotics, Lithium, Anticonvulsants 

Treatments for bipolar disorder

psychotherapy in conjunction with drug therapy

treatments for major depressive disorders

Behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, group therapy, and drug therapy

How long must symptoms persist to be called an anxiety disorder? 

3 months at least 

Long-lasting psychological states involving strong and persistent feelings of anxiety that interfere with everyday life

Anxiety disorder

Treatments for anxiety disorder

Drug therapy (Xanax, valium)

psychological therapy

cognitive therapy

Psychological disorder in which people experience sudden bouts of intense terror and extreme physiological arousal 

Panic disorder 

Treatment for panic disorders

Relaxation therapy

Cognitive therapy

Behavioral therapy

Drug therapy

Psychotherapy

Extreme levels of anxiety and self-consciousness specifically in situations involving other people

(symptoms last ay least 6 months)

Social anxiety disorder

Treatment for social anxiety disorders

Anti-anxiety

Cognitive and behavioral therapies

Group therapy

Strong, persistent fears caused by situations that pose little to no actual threat 

Phobia 

fears directed toward particular objects or situations

specific phobias

fear of being in diverse social situations outside one’s home

agoraphobia

Phobia therapy 

exposure therapy 

cognitive behavioral therapy 

Mastery therapy 

Clients chooses when they are ready to move on to the next stage

Mastery therapy

intrusive thoughts about potential danger or harm (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions) taken to prevent the imagined dangers and harms

OCD

Treatments to OCD

Behavior therapy: exposure and response prevention

Cognitive therapy: lower obsessive thoughts

Drug therapy: lower anxiety

flashbacks to previously encountered highly stressful experiences, such as military combat

PTSD

PSTD treatments 

Behavioral therapy 

Cognitive therapy

virtual reality therapy