CLEP US History II - Full Set #2

Place the following in the correct chronological order, from the earliest event to the most recent.

I. Brown v. Board of Education II. Voting Rights Act III. Greensboro sit-In IV. Plessy v. Ferguson

A. I, II, III, IV

B. IV, I, III, II

C. II, III, IV, I

D. III, IV, II, I

E. III, II, I, IV

B. IV, I, III, II

At the time President George H. W. Bush spoke of building "a new world order" in 1990-91, the most significant international situation confronting him was

A. the outbreak of civil war throughout the Balkans and the Caucasus

B. Afghanistan's harboring of terrorists

C. the rapid disintegration of Soviet control over Eastern Europe

D. the conflict between Israel and Egypt

E. the Chinese takeover of Hong Kong

C. the rapid disintegration of Soviet control over Eastern Europe

Which of the following best characterizes the methods of Martin Luther King, Jr.?

A. Nonviolent defiance of segregation

B. Armed violence against police enforcing segregation laws

C. Patience while developing the skills that would make blacks economically successful and gain them the respect of whites

D. A series of petitions to Congress calling for correction of racial abuses

E. Call for reparations to reimburse African Americans for slavery

A. Nonviolent defiance of segregation

Which of the following best describes the agreement that ended the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis?

A. The Soviet Union agreed not to station troops in Cuba, and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba

B. The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba

C. The Soviet Union agreed not to invade Turkey, and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba

D. The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the United States agreed not to invade Turkey.

E. The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the United States agreed to withdraw its missiles from Western Europe.

B. The Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba, and the United States agreed not to invade Cuba.

The "new immigrants" coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late nineteenth century were most likely to

A. settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest

B. settle on farms in the upper Midwest

C. seek to file on homesteads on the Great Plains

D. migrate to the South and Southwest

E. return to their homelands after only a brief stay in the U.S.

A. settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest

Which of the following had the greatest effect in moving the United States toward participation in World War I?

A. The German disregard of treaty obligations in violating Belgian neutrality

B. Germany's declaration in 1917 of its intent to wage unrestricted submarine warfare

C. A German offer in 1917 to reward Mexico with U.S. territory should it join Germany in a war against the United States

D. The beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1917

E. The rapidly deteriorating situation for the Allies

B. Germany's declaration in 1917 of its intent to wage unrestricted submarine warfare

The main idea of Theodore Roosevelt's proposed "New Nationalism" was to

A. make the federal government an instrument of domestic reform by regulating big business

B. develop an American colonial empire

C. increase economic competition by breaking up all trusts and large business combinations

D. establish government ownership of basic industries such as coal, steel, and railroads

E. take an isolationist position in foreign policy that largely ignored international affairs

A. make the federal government an instrument of domestic reform by regulating big business

Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program contained all of the following EXCEPT

A. the attempt to raise farm prices by paying farmers not to plant certain crops

B. the attempt to encourage cooperation within industries to control production so as to raise prices generally

C. support for the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

D. effectively eliminating the gold standard as it had previously existed

E. the attempt to restore confidence in the banking system by establishing government regulation

C. support for the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

The Haymarket Affair of 1886 involved

A. a riot between striking workers and police

B. a scandal involving corruption within the Grant administration

C. allegations of corruption on the part of Republican presidential candidate James G. Blaine

D. a disastrous factory fire that killed 146 workers, mostly young women

E. an early challenge to the authority of states to regulate the railroad industry

A. a riot between striking workers and police

Which of the following was a goal of the Populist movement?

A. Free coinage of silver

B. Reform of child labor laws

C. Using modern science to solve social problems

D. Eliminating the electoral college as a method of choosing the nation's president

E. National legislation outlawing racial discrimination

A. Free coinage of silver

This cartoon from the early twentieth century suggests that

A. Theodore Roosevelt is ignoring the trusts

B. the trusts are defeating Theodore Roosevelt

C. Theodore Roosevelt is taming the trusts

D. Theodore Roosevelt is in league with the trusts

E. the trusts are ignoring Theodore Roosevelt

C. Theodore Roosevelt is taming the trusts

Which of the following statements is true of the SALT I treaty of 1972?

A. It brought sharp reductions in the number of ballistic missiles in both the U.S. and Soviet arsenals.

B. It was intended to encourage the deployment of defensive rather than offensive strategic weapons.

C. It indicated U.S. acceptance of the concept of Mutual Assured Destruction.

D. It was never ratified by the U.S. Senate.

E. It created basic equality in the number of ballistic missiles on each side.

C. It indicated U.S. acceptance of the concept of Mutual Assured Destruction.

All of the following were parts of Andrew Johnson's plan for Reconstruction EXCEPT

A. recommending to the Southern states that the vote be extended to the recently freed slaves

B. requiring ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment

C. requiring payment of monetary reparations for the damage caused by the war

D. requiring renunciation of secession

E. requiring repudiation of the Confederate debt

C. requiring payment of monetary reparations for the damage caused by the war

Which of the following words best describes the spirit of American intellectuals in the 1920s?

A. Alienation B. Complacency C. Romanticism D. Patriotism E. Pietism

A. Alienation

In reaction to the arrest of U.S. sailors and a perceived insult to the U.S. flag and in order to hasten the downfall of Mexican leader Victoriano Huerta, in 1914 President Woodrow Wilson

A. ordered General John J. Pershing to take U.S. troops across the border into northern Mexico

B. withdrew previously granted diplomatic recognition of Huerta's regime

C. ordered the occupation of Mexico City by U.S. troops

D. ordered U.S. forces to occupy the Mexican port city of Vera Cruz

E. sent a strong diplomatic protest

D. ordered U.S. forces to occupy the Mexican port city of Vera Cruz

All of the following were part of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points EXCEPT A. self-determination B. open diplomacy C. freedom of the seas D. a League of Nations E. a restoration of the balance of power

E. a restoration of the balance of power

Which of the following was among the objectives of Booker T. Washington?

A. To keep up a constant agitation of questions of racial equality

B. To encourage blacks to be more militant in demanding their rights

C. To encourage blacks to work hard, acquire property, and prove they were worthy of their rights

D. To urge blacks not to accept separate but equal facilities

E. To form an organization to advance the rights of blacks

C. To encourage blacks to work hard, acquire property, and prove they were worthy of their rights

When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of the recently passed Tenure of Office Act, he

A. was impeached and removed from office

B. came within one vote of being impeached

C. was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office

D. resigned to avoid impeachment and was subsequently pardoned by his successor

E. was impeached, refused to resign, and his term ended before a vote could be taken on his removal from office

C. was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office

By the Compromise of 1877 the Democrats agreed to allow the Republican candidate to become president in exchange for A. a promise that they would be allowed to win the next two presidential elections B. an end to Reconstruction C. large personal bribes to leading Democrats D. a substantial lowering of protective tariffs E. retroactive compensation for freed slaves

B. an end to Reconstruction

Which of the following was passed into law during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson? A. The Pure Food and Drug Act B. A progressive income tax C. A high protective tariff D. A national old-age pension E. The Sherman Antitrust Act

B. A progressive income tax

At the Casablanca Conference in January 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed A. to concentrate on defeating the Germans first before dealing with the Japanese B. to shift Allied efforts from the European to the Pacific theater of the war C. to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers D. to grant a general amnesty to Axis leaders who would surrender E. to land troops in France in the summer of 1943

C. to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers

The Farmers' Alliances of the 1880s appealed primarily to A. small farmers in the Northeast who found themselves unable to compete with large Western farms B. Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and mired in the share-cropping and crop-lien systems C. established and well-to-do farmers who desired to limit production in order to sustain high prices D. owners of the giant "bonanza" farms of the northern plains states who sought special advantages from the government E. former plantation owners in the South who sought to strengthen their share-cropping and crop-lien systems

B. Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and mired in the share-cropping and crop-lien systems

During the period of Reconstruction, most of the states of the former Confederacy, in order to regain admission to the Union, were required to A. grant blacks all the civil rights that Northern states had granted them before the war B. ratify the Fourteenth Amendment C. provide integrated public schools D. ratify the Sixteenth Amendment E. provide free land and farming utensils for the recently freed slaves

B. ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

The primary function of the Food Administration during World War I was to A. keep farm prices high by limiting the amount of food produced on American farms B. insure an adequate supply of food for American needs by arranging for imports from America's British and French allies C. oversee the production and allocation of foodstuffs to assure adequate supplies for the army and the Allies D. monitor the purity and wholesomeness of all food items shipped to France to feed the American Army there E. create and operate large-scale, government-owned farms

C. oversee the production and allocation of foodstuffs to assure adequate supplies for the army and the Allies

The purpose of the Truman Doctrine was to A. aid the economic recovery of war-torn Europe B. prevent European meddling in the affairs of South American countries C. aid countries that were the targets of Communist expansionism D. reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires E. expand the Monroe Doctrine to include Eastern Asia

C. aid countries that were the targets of Communist expansionism

Government subsidies for the building of transcontinental railroads during the nineteenth century mainly took the form of A. special tax breaks based on the mileage of track built B. a one-time blanket appropriation for the building of each separate transcontinental line C. generous land grants along the railroad's right-of-way D. the option of drawing supplies and materials from government depots E. the provision of large amounts of convict labor at no charge to the railroad company

C. generous land grants along the railroad's right-of-way

A member of the Social Gospel movement would probably A. consider such social sins as alcohol abuse and sexual permissiveness to be society's most serious problems B. assert that the poor were themselves at fault for their circumstances C. maintain that abuses and social degradation resulted solely from a lack of willpower on the part of those who committed them D. hold that religion is an entirely individual matter E. argue that Christians should work to reorganize the industrial system and bring about international peace

E. argue that Christians should work to reorganize the industrial system and bring about international peace

In its decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that A. separate facilities for different races were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional B. no black slave could be a citizen of the United States C. separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional D. Affirmative Action programs were acceptable only when it could be proven that specific previous cases of discrimination had occurred within the institution or business in question E. imposition of a literacy test imposed an unconstitutional barrier to the right to vote

C. separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional

The Spanish-American War spurred the building of the Panama Canal by A. demonstrating the need to shift naval forces quickly from the Atlantic to the Pacific B. demonstrating the ease with which Latin American countries could be overcome by U.S. military force C. discrediting congressional opponents of the project D. removing the threat that any possible canal could be blockaded by Spanish forces based in Cuba and Puerto Rico E. demonstrating that such tropical diseases as malaria and yellow fever could be controlled

A. demonstrating the need to shift naval forces quickly from the Atlantic to the Pacific

This 1919 cartoon suggests that the United States A. strongly supported Wilson's internationalism B. favored Great Britain over France C. took an aggressive stance against Europe D. opposed participation in the League of Nations E. favored the European continental nations over Great Britain

D. opposed participation in the League of Nations

Which of the following is true of W. E. B. Du Bois? A. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. B. He was the chief author of the Atlanta Compromise. C. He was an outspoken critic of the Niagara Movement. D. He believed that blacks should temporarily accommodate themselves to the whites. E. He worked closely with Booker T. Washington.

A. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

The primary underlying reason that Reconstruction ended in 1877 was that A. Southerners had succeeded in electing anti-Reconstruction governments in all the former Confederate states B. all the goals set by the Radical Republicans at the end of the Civil War had been accomplished C. leading Radicals in the North had become convinced that Reconstruction had been unconstitutional D. Northern voters had grown weary of the effort to reconstruct the South and generally lost interest E. Republican political managers had come to see further agitation of North-South differences arising from the Civil War as a political liability

D. Northern voters had grown weary of the effort to reconstruct the South and generally lost interest

The Marshall Plan was A. a strategy for defeating Germany B. a strategy for defeating Japan C. an American economic aid program for Europe D. an American commitment to give military and economic aid to any nation resisting Communist aggression E. a civil-defense plan for surviving a Soviet nuclear strike

C. an American economic aid program for Europe

All of the following statements are true of John Dewey EXCEPT A. he strove to alter radically both the content and purpose of schooling B. he strove to strengthen the child's respect for parental and other traditional authorities C. he substituted the authority of the peer group for that of the teacher so that the child would be socialized and schooling would be made relevant to him D. he was much influenced by William James E. he has been called the father of Progressive Education

B. he strove to strengthen the child's respect for parental and other traditional authorities

This cartoon, drawn during the period leading up to the Spanish-American War, presents McKinley as A. a strong influence on public opinion B. having control over Congress C. ignoring public opinion D. an effective leader E. ultimately overwhelmed by public opinion and Congress

E. ultimately overwhelmed by public opinion and Congress

Which of the following expresses the first policy taken by the federal government toward the Indians of the Great Plains? A. The Indians should be confined to two large reservations, one north of the Platte River and the other south of it. B. Since the Great Plains are a desert anyway, the Indians may be allowed to keep the entire area. C. Indians should be given individual parcels of land by the government rather than holding land communally as tribes. D. Indians are subhuman and ought to be exterminated. E. The Indians should be induced to accept permanent residence on a number of small reservations.

B. Since the Great Plains are a desert anyway, the Indians may be allowed to keep the entire area.

Georgia O'Keeffe, Thomas Hart Benton, and Edward Hopper were all A. American painters of the 1920s B. pioneers in the field of a distinctly American music C. known for their abstract paintings of flowers and other objects D. pioneers in the building of skyscrapers E. American literary figures of the first decade of the twentieth century

A. American painters of the 1920s

The 1944 Dumbarton Oaks Conference involved primarily A. the trial and punishment of Nazi war criminals B. the decision on whether or not to use the atomic bomb C. startling revelations of the Nazi atrocities against Jews D. American plans for redrawing the map of Eastern Europe E. the formation of the United Nations

E. the formation of the United Nations

What was the OVERALL U.S. unemployment rate during the worst periods of the depression? A. 0.1 B. 0.25 C. 0.4 D. 0.6 E. 0.9

B. 0.25

Which battle was the turning point in the Pacific war between Japan and the U.S.? A. Leyte Gulf B. Pearl Harbor C. Coral Sea D. Midway E. Guadalcanal

D. Midway

The United States Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was significant because it A. prohibited prayer in public schools on the grounds of separation of church and state B. legally upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal" educational facilities for blacks and whites C. clarified the constitutional rights of minors and restricted the right of school administrators to set dress codes or otherwise infringe on students' rights D. upheld school districts' right to use aptitude and psychological tests to "track" students and segregate them into "college prep" and "vocational" programs E. ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice of segregation via "separate but equal" schools for blacks and whites

E. ordered the desegregation of public schools, prohibiting the practice of segregation via "separate but equal" schools for blacks and whites

One of the major effects of the industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century in the United States was A. an increased emphasis on worker health and safety issues B. an increased emphasis on speed rather than quality of work C. an increased emphasis on high-quality, error-free work D. an increase in the number of small industrial facilities, which could operate more efficiently than larger, more costly industrial plants E. a decrease in worker productivity as a result of continuous clashes between unions and management

B. an increased emphasis on speed rather than quality of work

The American hostage crisis in Iran during the Carter presidency was precipitated by A. the American government allowing the deposed Shah of Iran to come to the United States for cancer treatment B. Jimmy Carter's involvement in arranging the Camp David Accords between the Egyptians and the Israelis C. American air strikes against Iran's ally Libya D. American support for Israel's 1980 invasion of southern Lebanon E. American attempts to overthrow the newly established government of Ayatollah Khomeini

A. the American government allowing the deposed Shah of Iran to come to the United States for cancer treatment

The thrust of Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" policy was to A. retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination, which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America B. guarantee the protection of Latin America and South America from European aggression by permanently stationing U.S. forces in the region C. promise "Good Samaritanism" in the United States by encouraging people who still owned their own homes to provide temporary housing for their neighbors who had become homeless because of the Great Depression D. force Latin American countries to cooperate peacefully with each other and end their petty border disputes or face United States military intervention E. supply Britain with the goods and nonmilitary essentials they needed to maintain their struggle against Nazi Germany

A. retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination, which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America

Reaganomics is most closely associated with A. the "trickle-down" theory B. the "controlled growth" theory C. the "bubble up" theory D. a "planned" economy E. the "pump-priming" theory

A. the "trickle-down" theory

What proposal did President Woodrow Wilson make in 1918 that convinced the Germans they would be treated fairly if they surrendered? A. The Twenty-One Demands B. The Fourteen Points C. The Sussex Pledge D. The Balfour Declaration E. The "New Freedom" policy

B. The Fourteen Points

U.S. presidents between 1876 and 1900 are generally considered among the weakest in American history. A major reason for their reputation was that A. none of them served more than one term in office B. they considered themselves caretakers, not dynamic initiators of new legislation C. Congress enacted several new laws restricting presidential power during this period D. they were the products of machine politics, political followers who were typically incompetent leaders E. they were limited in their actions by the overwhelming Populist sentiment of their time

B. they considered themselves caretakers, not dynamic initiators of new legislation

This Currier and Ives print strongly suggests that the way to prosperity is through A. gambling B. stock speculation C. politics D. credit E. hard work

E. hard work

In what way did the muckrakers contribute to the rise of Progressivism in the early years of the twentieth century? A. Their lurid stories of European abuses led directly to American isolationism until World War I. B. Their stories glorifying the rich and famous led to the supremacy of laissez-faire economic theories during this period. C. Their horror stories of Marxist infiltration into workers' unions led to public support for crackdowns against reform-minded unions and alliances. D. Their exposes of government and business corruption, abuse, and mismanagement led to widely supported public demands for effective reform. E. They created a repugnance for the national press that developed into a general distrust for all government and business institutions

D. Their exposes of government and business corruption, abuse, and mismanagement led to widely supported public demands for effective reform.

All of the following were characteristic of the 1920s EXCEPT A. voting rights for women B. prohibition and bootlegging C. consumerism and easy credit D. Progressivist reform and union growth E. Ku Klux Klan power and popularity

D. Progressivist reform and union growth

All of the following "New Deal" agencies were created during the Great Depression to provide jobs for the unemployed EXCEPT the A. Farm Security Administration (FSA) B. Civil Works Administration (CWA) C. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) D. Works Progress Administration (WPA) E. National Youth Administration (NYA)

A. Farm Security Administration (FSA)

The most important factor in the destruction of the Plains Indians' societies by whites in the late nineteenth century was A. the use of modern weapons by white soldiers and cavalrymen B. the destruction of the buffalo herds by whites C. the introduction of alcohol by whites to Indian society D. the encroachment of railroads onto Indian lands E. the use of reservations by whites to limit the movement of Indians

B. the destruction of the buffalo herds by whites

The sharecropping system in the South following Reconstruction had the effect of A. allowing many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers, who could have never otherwise owned land, to buy their own farms B. moving many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers into the middle class C. pushing tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants D. helping to limit the power of former plantation owners and northern business interests E. changing the basic attitudes of whites and blacks who were now forced to work side by side farming the same land

C. pushing tenant farmers and poor independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was aimed primarily at A. increasing interstate trade by forbidding states from levying tariffs on goods transported from other states B. curbing abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads C. increasing interstate trade through government assistance in efforts to build new canals, roads, and railroads D. curbing abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's ocean-going, river-going, and canal-going shipping companies E. increasing interstate commerce by offering financial incentives to companies that operated offices or manufacturing plants in more than one site

B. curbing abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads

The only dominant, broad-based labor union in the United States from 1870-90 was the A. National Labor Union B. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) C. American Federation of Labor (AFL) D. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) E. Knights of Labor

E. Knights of Labor

The political machines such as Tammany Hall that ran American cities in the late nineteenth century derived their strongest support from A. industrial leaders and business elites B. organized religion C. wealthy landowners living in rural areas outside the cities D. the middle class E. poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner city

E. poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner city

The combination of European musical influences with African musical influences came together in 1890s New Orleans to form a new distinctly American musical style called A. gospel B. jazz C. folk D. country E. blues

B. jazz

In 1968, Vietcong guerrillas and North Vietnamese regulars launched a massive series of attacks which failed militarily, but succeeded in ending U.S. hopes for an early end to the Vietnam War. This episode of the war became known as the A. Pleiku Offensive B. NLF Offensive C. Gulf of Tonkin Incident D. Battle of KheSanh E. Tet Offensive

E. Tet Offensive

What event triggered President Truman to announce the "Truman Doctrine"? A. The overthrow of the Czechoslovakian government by Soviet Communists B. Russian actions in Iran C. The Greek Civil War D. The Hungarian Revolution E. The Korean War

C. The Greek Civil War

Place the following in the correct chronological order, from the earliest event to the most recent. I. election of Franklin D. Roosevelt II. U.S. stock market crash III. National Labor Relations Act IV. Hawley-Smoot tariff A. II, IV, III, I B. I, II, III, IV C. II, III, I, IV D. III, IV, II, I E. II, IV, I, III

E. II, IV, I, III

What was the reaction in the U.S. Senate to the terms of the 1918 Treaty of Versailles? A. The Senate overwhelmingly supported the major provisions of the treaty and only demanded a few minor adjustments before ratifying it. B. The Senate felt that in many ways the treaty was too harsh on Germany, but that overall it was a good plan for postwar peace. C. The Senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations, but felt that the treaty was too important to be destroyed by partisan politics. As a result, the Senate narrowly passed the ratification measure making the treaty official. D. The Senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and had problems with several treaty articles. As a result, the Senate didn't ratify the treaty until the second time Wilson sent it to them. Even then, the Senate refused to ratify the provisions calling for U.S. membership in a League of Nations. E.

E. The Senate was angry at Wilson for the way he handled the negotiations and for the treaty that the peace conference produced. Wilson refused to compromise on various treaty provisions and the Senate rejected the treaty both times it was sent to them.

The "Lost Generation" refers to A. those young adults whose lives and families were devastated by the Great Depression of the 1930s B. the millions of young men killed in the senseless trench warfare of World War I C. young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity dominating 1920s America D. the thousands of workers killed or injured in efforts to form and promote worker safety in turn-of-the-20th century America E. the generation of young Americans caught up in the turmoil of war protests and moral collapse during the 1960s

C. young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity dominating 1920s America

In this cartoon Thomas Nast presents Boss Tweed as A. a politician ruled by greed B. a benefactor of the public C. a political reformer D. a politician corruptly influenced by business E. a politician who rejected business influence

A. a politician ruled by greed

All of the following contributed to the Great Depression EXCEPT A. excessive stocks and securities speculation B. protectionist trade measures C. huge farm debts resulting from collapsed crop prices D. lack of credit to help consumers sustain economic growth E. an imbalance of distribution of wealth in which the rich controlled far too much of the available income

D. lack of credit to help consumers sustain economic growth

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 sought to A. end federal subsidies to landless Indian tribes and force them to support themselves B. prohibit the division of tribal lands into allotments and allow Indians to resume using their own tribal languages and rituals on their lands C. requisition desirable lands from Indian tribes and force those tribes to relocate on smaller jointly occupied reservations, in which several tribes would reside, intermingle, and share the same land D. break up tribal reservations into individual allotments of land that could be occupied by Indians or purchased by whites E. prohibit Indians from using tribal languages or practicing ancient tribal religions on government reservations

B. prohibit the division of tribal lands into allotments and allow Indians to resume using their own tribal languages and rituals on their lands

Lyndon Johnson's Great Society program was aimed primarily at A. spurring advances in American science and technical education and increasing funding to high-tech research facilities B. sending American volunteers to impoverished foreign nations to help educate their people and build their economic base C. securing civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty D. providing minimum wage jobs for all unemployed Americans and shifting tax dollars from the military to the civilian sector of the economy E. retraining adults who had dropped out of school and increasing the number of Americans who attended college

C. securing civil rights for all Americans and eliminating poverty

"Jim Crow" laws A. effectively prohibited blacks from voting in state and local elections B. restricted American Indians to U.S. government reservations C. restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains D. established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites E. restricted the consumption and distribution of alcohol within the limits of pro-temperance communities

D. established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites

The Smoot-Hawley Tariffs and other protectionist trade measures had the long-term effect of A. improving the competitiveness of U.S. industry in foreign markets B. improving U.S. economic strength in the long-term, although short-term economic performance was weakened C. making little difference in the economies of Europe and the U.S D. sparking retaliatory measures from Europe that weakened both their economies and ours E. providing European leaders with the incentive to finally put their differences aside and form an economic confederation, which would eventually evolve into the European Common Market

D. sparking retaliatory measures from Europe that weakened both their economies and ours

The Iran-Contra Affair upset most Americans because it involved A. illegal support for the Contra rebels in Nicaragua B. illegal support for government-backed "death squads" in El Salvador C. a presidential coverup similar to and, to some extent, worse than the Watergate Affair D. trading arms to Iran for release of American hostages E. providing funding for Contra rebels to be trained by Iranians in terrorist tactics to be used against the Nicaraguan government

D. trading arms to Iran for release of American hostages

Between 1860 and 1910, the area of the United States that underwent the largest PERCENTAGE increase of population was A. the Northeast B. the Old South C. the Mid-Atlantic D. the Far West E. the Great Plains

E. the Great Plains

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was important because it A. prohibited slavery within the United States B. guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen C. prohibited any state from denying an American citizen the right to vote based on race/ethnic background, color, or having previously been a slave D. prohibited any state from denying women the right to vote E. provided Congress with the power to establish and collect income taxes

B. guaranteed equal protection under the law for every American citizen

The Watergate scandal led to Richard Nixon's downfall primarily because A. of his role in planning and coordinating the Watergate break-in and other illegal campaign activities B. the press, the Democrats, and some liberal Republicans united to rid themselves of Nixon and his conservative philosophy C. he was already so unpopular because of his Vietnam War policies that virtually anything he did wrong would have been used as an excuse to remove him from office D. of his role in directing the cover-up of the Watergate Affair E. of his involvement with organized crime in carrying out political "dirty tricks" against his Democratic opponent, George McGovern

D. of his role in directing the cover-up of the Watergate Affair

The Atlantic Charter A. set collective war strategy and long-term war goals for Britain and the United States B. guaranteed American neutrality in World War II as long as American warships stayed out of British territorial waters C. pledged South and Central American neutrality after Germany and Japan declared war on the United States D. provided Britain with 50 World War I vintage American destroyers in return for American control of British military bases in the Caribbean and the Mid-Atlantic E. repealed the American arms embargo and allowed Britain and France to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis

A. set collective war strategy and long-term war goals for Britain and the United States

The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor succeeded for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. a conspiracy by the United States government to let the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor by surprise so America would have a legitimate excuse to enter World War II B. commanders at Pearl Harbor were convinced that the only real threat to the base was from local saboteurs, not a Japanese naval attack C. a message ordering the base on maximum war alert was sent via commercial telegraph rather than military cable and did not arrive until the day after the attack D. Americans did not believe the Japanese would dare attempt such a risky attack and did not believe the Japanese COULD pull it off if they tried E. interservice rivalry effectively kept the military intelligence services from sharing and coordinating the information they had collected which could have allowed them to anticipate the Pearl Harbor attack

A. a conspiracy by the United States government to let the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor by surprise so America would have a legitimate excuse to enter World War II

The decline of "open range" ranching in the West resulted primarily from A. low beef prices that made "open range" ranching unprofitable B. government policies giving priority use of the range to sheepherders, thus denying cattlemen equal access to the open range C. overgrazing and intense competition for use of the land between ranchers and farmers D. the increased use of sharecropping techniques by cattle ranchers which lessened their need for open range policies E. the high cost of replacing cattle that constantly wandered off in the open range

C. overgrazing and intense competition for use of the land between ranchers and farmers

Joseph Pulitzer was a pioneer in the development of A. new journals aimed exclusively at the upper class and social elites in America B. weekly journals focusing exclusively on economic news C. yellow journalism D. ethics in journalism laws to prevent slanderous news stories that often ruined innocent peoples' lives E. the nation's first national "wire service," the United Press

C. yellow journalism

In the 1880s, the issue of tariffs on imported goods became a major controversy because A. the free trade policies in effect at that time were allowing underpriced foreign goods to destroy fledgling American industries and virtually eliminate American crop exports to Europe B. individual states refused to give up their right to enact tariffs on goods brought across state lines from neighboring states C. high tariffs were resulting in unnecessarily high prices on manufactured goods, hurting both farmers and consumers while protecting several wealthy manufacturers D. Democrats forced the enactment of free trade legislation in the U.S., but European countries responded by raising their tariffs on U.S. manufactured goods, throwing the U.S. economy into a depression E. Democrats allowed tariffs to be enacted only on imported farm goods, which protected American farmers but left U.S. manufacturers vulnerable to European ta

C. high tariffs were resulting in unnecessarily high prices on manufactured goods, hurting both farmers and consumers while protecting several wealthy manufacturers

Industrial committees that helped mobilize the country's war efforts during World War I were A. instrumental in preventing corruption and labor dissension from crippling the mobilization campaign B. so dominated by greedy businessmen cashing in on the war they were disbanded and replaced by the War Industries Board C. the key to an efficient war effort following the collapse of the War Industries Board D. ruled unconstitutional by the conservative Supreme Court and were forced to reorganize as unfunded private consulting groups E. not formed until so late in the war effort that they had little impact other than to streamline the process for the transfer of men and equipment from the United States to France

B. so dominated by greedy businessmen cashing in on the war they were disbanded and replaced by the War Industries Board

The Scopes Trial had the effect of A. eliminating state restrictions on the teaching of evolution in schools B. highlighting the intolerance of religious fundamentalism and its conflict with contemporary science and secularism C. emphasizing the importance of the First Amendment when a person's ideas are not popular among the majority of Americans D. pointing out the necessity of preventing the state from interfering in religious matters E. re-establishing the predominance of fundamentalist religious ideas over secular scientific pronouncements which had dominated American thought throughout the early 1920s

B. highlighting the intolerance of religious fundamentalism and its conflict with contemporary science and secularism

In 1948, what city did the U.S., Britain, and France have to keep supplied for over 300 days in a massive airlift due to the Soviets cutting off all land-based supply routes in an effort to drive the Westerners out of the city? A. Helsinki B. Warsaw C. Bonn D. Berlin E. Prague

D. Berlin

The philosophy behind the New Deal was primarily to A. restore the laissez-faire capitalism that had worked so well in the early 1920s B. eliminate the massive federal deficit that had led to the Great Depression by mandating a balanced federal budget C. establish a socialist system in which government would takeover private industry, set all prices, and guarantee employment for workers D. cut down the size of government, which had become a massive drain on the nation's economy, and return more power to the states so they could each deal with their specific economic problems in their own way E. expand the role of the federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past that had led to the current depression

E. expand the role of the federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past that had led to the current depression

The Taft-Hartley Labor Act of 1947 had the effect of A. prohibiting strikes by government employees B. granting railroad workers the right to strike and to organize unions C. extending the right to strike and to organize unions, previously allowed to railroad workers only, to all workers D. allowing unions to force management into binding arbitration when contract negotiations broke down E. forbidding unions from closing shops to nonunion employees

E. forbidding unions from closing shops to nonunion employees

Which of the following was the MAJOR reason Truman used to justify his decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August 1945? A. He believed it would shorten the war and eliminate the need for an invasion of Japan B. He believed it would end up saving Japanese civilian lives, when compared to the casualties expected from an invasion of Japan C. He wanted to send a strong warning message to the Russians to watch their step in the Pacific after Japan was defeated D. He believed it would be an appropriate revenge for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor E. Once the bomb was completed, Truman felt he had to use it in order to justify the huge investments in time, resources, scientific expertise, and expense involved in its development

A. He believed it would shorten the war and eliminate the need for an invasion of Japan

Jane Addams was a turn-of-the-20th century activist most well known for her work in A. settlement houses B. the temperance movement C. nursing home care for war veterans D. the suffrage movement E. children's literature

A. settlement houses

The internment of Japanese-Americans by the United States during World War II was primarily because A. of evidence and suspicions that they were involved in treasonous activity B. they were Japanese C. of desires by business leaders to grab valuable Japanese-owned properties in California D. many of them openly supported Japanese government policies, even after Pearl Harbor, although none of them actually engaged in treasonous behavior E. most of them refused to take oaths of loyalty to the United States even though they also publicly denounced Japanese government actions and condemned the Pearl Harbor attack

B. they were Japanese

Which of the answer choices best expresses the point of view of this cartoon? A. Southern whites and blacks can never be reconciled. B. Southern whites would willingly be reconciled with blacks. C. Blacks have no interest in reconciliation with Southern whites. D. The president must take a forceful role in reconciling Southern whites and blacks. E. Reconciliation of Southern whites and blacks is simply a matter of recognizing the new realities.

E. Reconciliation of Southern whites and blacks is simply a matter of recognizing the new realities.

The agreement that ended most trade barriers among the United States, Canada, and Mexico was A. SALT B. START C. NAFTA D. WIN E. SDI

C. NAFTA

The first female justice named to the Supreme court was A. Ann Richards B. Ruth Bader Ginsberg C. Madeleine Albright D. Sandra Day O'Connor E. Margaret Chase Smith

D. Sandra Day O'Connor

Louis Sullivan's pupil who opposed the construction of skyscrapers and favored a form of architecture in harmony with natural surroundings was A. Ernest Hemingway B. Virgil Thomson C. Victor Herbert D. James T. Farrell E. Frank Lloyd Wright

E. Frank Lloyd Wright

William M. Tweed of New York City A. headed a "ring" of politicians that cheated New York City of $100 million through fraudulent city contracts and extortion B. was an outspoken supporter of fiscal integrity in municipal government C. pioneered the regulation of tenement house construction and sanitation D. urged the New York state legislature to adopt the governmental reforms advocated by the Progressives E. served as Secretary of Interior in President Ulysses Grant's administrations

A. headed a "ring" of politicians that cheated New York City of $100 million through fraudulent city contracts and extortion

Marcus Garvey, leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, argued for A. equal rights B. a return to Africa C. racial desegregation D. violence in the cities E. more representation in Congress for Washington, D.C.

B. a return to Africa

When the United States Supreme Court failed to rule favorably on New Deal legislation, President Franklin Roosevelt A. introduced a judiciary reorganization bill that would increase the number of Supreme Court justices B. attempted to circumvent the Court by having cases involving New Deal legislation appealed to state supreme courts C. called for the election of federal judges D. used his emergency powers and appointed three new justices to the Supreme Court E. threatened to have Congress reduce the justices' salaries

A. introduced a judiciary reorganization bill that would increase the number of Supreme Court justices

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, enunciated by President Theodore Roosevelt in his annual message to Congress in May 1904 did all of the following EXCEPT A. assert that the United States would take action to guarantee that Latin American nations paid their debts B. stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations to forestall the intervention of other powers C. was preceded by Roosevelt's assertion that the Monroe Doctrine prohibited Europeans from using force in the Americas D. led to protracted intervention in Santo Domingo and, subsequently, to intervention in Haiti, Nicaragua, and Cuba E. proposed a massive foreign aid program to stabilize the governments of Latin America

E. proposed a massive foreign aid program to stabilize the governments of Latin America

McCarthyism in the 1950s was an attempt to reveal A. Communist infiltration in the United States government B. corruption in the Truman administration C. the plot to sell weapons to belligerent nations D. misuse of corporate funds for political purposes E. the dangers of nuclear energy

A. Communist infiltration in the United States government

The United States' policy of Lend-Lease in 1940 benefitted what allied nation the most? A. France B. Great Britain C. Denmark D. Finland E. Sweden

B. Great Britain

The controversy over the presidential election in 1876 between Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes arose because A. the Greenback-Labor party's presidential candidate prevented either Tilden or Hayes from winning a majority of the electoral votes B. No candidate received a majority of the popular vote as required by the Constitution C. three Southern states—South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida—submitted contested electoral votes D. the Democratic party withdrew its nomination of Tilden E. Union military forces still occupied the South

C. three Southern states—South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida—submitted contested electoral votes

Helen Hunt Jackson's book entitled A Century of Dishonor (1881) recounted A. American imperialism and its effects on the middle class B. discriminatory practices employed by the United States government against African Americans C. the atrocities of the Spanish-American War D. the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians E. the abuses involving big business trusts in America

D. the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians

The Nineteenth Amendment, added to the United States Constitution in 1920, did which of the following? A. Limited the president to two terms B. Created the federal income tax C. Outlawed the sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages D. Enfranchised women E. Ended prohibition

D. Enfranchised women

"There is no right to strike against the public safety, anywhere, any time," was said by A. Rutherford B. Hayes with regard to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 B. Grover Cleveland on sending federal troops to help put down the Pullman strike C. Calvin Coolidge on calling out the Massachusetts National Guard during the Boston police strike D. Senator Robert A. Taft speaking in favor of the Taft-Hartley Act E. Ronald Reagan with regard to the air traffic controllers' strike

C. Calvin Coolidge on calling out the Massachusetts National Guard during the Boston police strike

Under the crop lien system, a farmer A. borrowed money against his next harvest in order to buy more land B. borrowed money against the previous year's harvest, which was stored in warehouses until the market was favorable for selling C. was likely to diversify the crops he planted D. mortgaged his next harvest to a merchant in order to buy seed and supplies and support his family E. could usually become completely debt-free within seven to ten years

D. mortgaged his next harvest to a merchant in order to buy seed and supplies and support his family