Chapter #4: Persons, Situations, and Personality Judgement

Situationism

human behavior is driven by external, situational factors rather than internal personality traits

Constructivism

individuals build their own understanding and reality through personal experience and social interactions; not just passively taking-in information

Critical Realism

objective reality exists independently of human perception

Convergent Validity

the more items of diverse information that converge, the more confident the conclusion becomes

Interjudge Agreement and Behavioral Prediction

person can be judged in ways that could predict their actions

Predictive Validity

how well a test predicts future outcomes/behaviors

Moderator Variables

third variable changing the strength or direction of the relationship between in independent variable and a dependent variable

Confounding Variable

outside influence that creates a false or biased association by affecting both variables

Acquaintanceship Effect

as you become more acquainted with someone, the accuracy and agreement of personality judgements increases/ interpersonal familiarity and attractive built through repeated interaction

The Realistic Accuracy Model

• The person being judged must be doing something relevant, that is, informative about the trait being judged

• The information must be available to the judge

• The judge must detect this information

• The judge must utilize this information correctly