Sociology midterm CHP 2,3,5

 Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin’s study had a high level of _

Reliability

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant’s social world.

The term interpretive framework
can be defined as:

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

What was the major ethical lapse of the Tuskegee Experiment?

Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

 Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?

Receive corroboration from the field

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?

Observing study participants without their consent

Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement.  What kind of research method is Alexis using?

Secondary data analysis

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City’s Stonewall riots of 1969.  He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage.  Miguel is conducting a(n) __

Case study

 Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics?

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota.  She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople.  Quincia is conducting a(n) ­­­­___

Ethnography

 Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public’s perception of World War II.  This is an example of __

Secondary data

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior.  When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of _

The Hawthorne Effect

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers’ body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in.  Tyson is conducting which research method?

Field research

Dr. Hale wants to understand how college GPA is affected by SAT scores, class attendance, and class preparation. College GPA is the _

Dependent variable

A_____collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.

Survey

The ______ is the effect, or thing that is changed.

Dependent Variable

_ does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people’s behaviors.

Nonreactive Research

The more time you spend running on a treadmill the more calories you will burn. This is an example of _

Correlation

_ is the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.

Ethnography

In a(n) _______every person in a population has the same chance of being chosen for the study.

Random Sample

Institutional Ethnography is defined as

an extension of basic ethnographic research principles that focuses intentionally on everyday concrete social relationships.

Dr. Smith starts a new research in Sociology of Higher Education about student’s retention. First Dr. Smith read many books and articles to discover what is known about the topic and what should be explored next. Dr. Smith then identifies the theories and concepts which will help him to develop a method that will be used to collect data. Dr. Smith started their _

Literature review

Which on is NOT an implementation of Field Research?

Questionnaires

_, is when researchers join people and participate in a group’s routine activities for the purpose of observing them within that context.

Participant Observation

The definition of the Hawthorne effect is:

where people change their behavior because they know they are being watched as part of a study.

_ is evidence that comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.

Empirical evidence

A(n) ______ is a testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables.

Hypothesis

_ refers to how likely research results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced.

Reliability

_ refers to how well the study measures what it was designed to measure.

Validity

_ is the concept in terms of the physical or concrete steps it takes to objectively measure it.

Operational Definition

Independent Variables are defined as:

the cause of the change

An Interpretive Framework is defined as:

an interpretive perspective, seeks to understand social worlds from the point of view of participants, which leads to in-depth knowledge.

The definition of Secondary Data Analysis is:

while sociologists often engage in original research studies, they also contribute knowledge to the discipline through secondary data analysis.

While sociologists often engage in original research studies, they also contribute knowledge to the discipline through _

Secondary Data Analysis

A survey targets a specific _______, people who are the focus of a study, such as college athletes, international students, or teenagers living with type 1 (juvenile-onset) diabetes.

Population

A(n) _____ is, a manageable number of subjects who represent a larger population

Sample

Quantitative Data is defined as:

research collected in numerical form that can be counted—are easy to tabulate.

This kind of ______ is research collected in numerical form that can be counted—are easy to tabulate.

Quantitative Data

This kind of _______ is results that are subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting. 

Qualitative Data

An Interview is defined as:

a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject, and it is a way of conducting surveys on a topic.

_is a research method suited to an interpretive framework rather than to the scientific method.

Field Research

Correlation is defined as:

a small sample size does not allow for establishing a causal relationship between two variables.

Ethnography is defined as:

the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.

__ is an extension of basic ethnographic research principles that focuses intentionally on everyday concrete social relationships.

Institutional Ethnography

A(n)____is an in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.

Case Study

cHAP 3

The term language can be defined as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip.  “Let’s see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they’ll appreciate it. They just don’t understand what they’re missing.” Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt’s perspective is an example of _

Cultural imperialism

 Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class.

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

A funeral or related practice related to those who have died

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character.  She wears her normal attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket -- and as a result not many people associate with her during the party.  The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing:

Social control

A cultural universal is:

A pattern or trait common to all societies.

TV series like The Real Housewives and The Masked Singer are examples of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of __

Popular culture; high culture

What is the best example of a counter culture?

People who live "off the grid" -- no electricity or communication

Society and culture _

Could not exist without each other

 Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of

Non-material culture

After teenage activists Greta and Bruno Rodriquez led school walk outs in their respective home countries of Sweden and Argentina, students around the world began staging similar types of protests. This is an example of:

Diffusion

Imagine two nearby nations, one of which has a long ocean coastline and the other that does not. The nation that borders the ocean is known for detailed poems and stories about marine wildlife and fishing. The nation that does not border the ocean is known more for stories about warfare. If researchers attribute this difference to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what would they most likely indicate is the difference between the two countries' arts?

The country closer to the ocean speaks a language with a greater vocabulary related to the ocean

 Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Making eye contact while speaking

refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people. Metro passes and bus tokens are part of material culture, as are automobiles, stores, and the physical structures where people worship.

Material Culture

Jaqueline practices Judaism and it states that there is only one God. This is an example of

Belief

Cultural Relativism is defined as:

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Culture is defined as:

shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn.

Material Culture is defined as:

the objects or belongings of a group of people. Metro passes and bus tokens are part of material culture, as are automobiles, stores, and the physical structures where people worship.

Real culture is defined as:

the way society actually is, based on what occurs and exists.

Using your napkin at the dinner table and saying please and thank you are examples of_

Informal Norms

The Sumerians used clay, rocks, and mud to make the first wheel. A wheel was never seen before. What did they do?

Invention

Xenocentrism is defined as:

the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own.

_ is/are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

Beliefs

_to refers to time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture

Culture Lag

Mick thinks Greece is way better than where he currently lives, Minnesota. He started feeling this way after his family took a trip to Greece in the summer. This is an example of __

Xenocentrism

CHAP 5 SOCIAL

PRAC QUIZ**

Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Symbolic Interactionism

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed:

Anticipatory socialization.

Peer groups are important to adolescents because:

They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents’ parents.

Erik Erikson’s theory explains:

How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

Carol Gilligan

Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?

Buying a girl a toy kitchen to play with.

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?

Structural Functionalism

George Herbert Mead’s specific path of development for individuals is as follows:

Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stag

Education is important to society because:

All of the above

(It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces.

It teaches children facts about the world in which they live.

It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations.)

The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?

All of the above

(Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable.

Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult.

 The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes.)

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people’s eyes?

In their teenage years

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of __

A degradation ceremony

Which of the following is best described as a part of resocialization?

A worker erasing discarding all their old post-it note reminders in favor of their new online calendar.

Ruth was sentenced to be incarcerated for two years. When she arrives at the correctional facility, the officers take her taking her belongings, train her on hygiene, and explain that she will only undertake a few activities per day. This an example of _

Degradation

Abby is part of a youth soccer team. On this team, she learns not only how to play soccer, but also learns how to communicate, the idea of teamwork, and how to build trust. As she is learning these societal values and playing on this soccer team, she is engaging in the process of ___

Socialization

Mike is being taught etiquette and social skills in his English class, which is not part of the subject material. This is an example of a/an ___

Hidden Curriculum

 Peer group is defined as

A group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests

Katie pushed her brother down the slide after he was taking too long to go down. Afterwards, her mother sat her down and explained to her that you have to wait for the person ahead of you to finish, and you must wait your turn. Katie then understood that being patient was one of society’s rules. Katies understanding of societal norms through this process. This is an example of _

Moral Development

Lily, a college student, is in a study group for her first-year math class. All of the students are in the same class and are in the same age bracket. This study group would be an example of a/an

Peer Group

Oliver is a Junior in high school. He is aware that in order to get a good job later in life and make money he needs to get into a good college. He works hard in school and takes all the medical classes his school provides, and wishes to get into Harvard’s Medical Science program so he can become a surgeon. Being aware of what society expects from you at a young age and making choices around these expectations contributes to __

Anticipatory socialization

Gary lost his job as a middle school French teacher. He is going back to school to become an electrician. This is an example of

Resocialization

Mario has always been a shy kid, especially since he moved to a new area. He joined a local dance team and made new friends, expanding his social horizons and made him less shy. Since joining, he has had more confidence in himself. This transformation would be an example of Mario strengthening his sense of

Self

Brandon is from a different country and just moved to America for school. He raised his middle finger up as a greeting to someone, unaware of the context it has in our society. The person on the receiving end of this gesture was offended. Brandon later learned that this was a bad thing to do in America through the sociological process 

Moral Development

_ is the way we prepare for future life roles.

Anticipatory Socialization

_ is the role that our social environment plays in self-development

Nurture

A ____ describes a group of people who share a community and a culture.

Society

_ consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society.

Nonmaterial Culture

_is/are patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies.

Cultural Universals