Health and Illness Exam 2

After a femoral-popliteal bypass, which pulse would be most useful in assessing postoperative perfusion?

dorsalis pedis

Discharge teaching with arterial disease or Raynaud's should include:

Keeping the heat up so the environment is warm

With peripheral arterial disease, leg pain during rest can be reduced by:

lowering the limb so it is dependent

The nurse sees bilateral ankle edema on a client diagnosed with PVD. The nurse knows this is the result of:

increased venous pressure

Which laboratory level is a common finding with peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

High serum lipids

Which finding in a client with a history of smoking and complaints of claudication during exercise requires evaluation?

Abnormal ankle-brachial index

Discharge teaching for a client with venous insufficiency should include all of the following:

Avoid prolonged sitting and standing, wear compression (TED) hose during the day, and avoid crossing your legs

A client with venous insufficiency should NEVER

dangle your feet to decrease edema

The nurse is unable to palpate the right foot pulse in a client. What is the next best action?

Use a doppler device

Teaching for a client discharging with arterial vascular disease includes all the following:

stop smoking, avoid caffeine, and maintain healthy lipid levels.

A client discharging with arterial vascular disease should NEVER

elevate their feet above their heart to promote venous return

Your client reportedly has a venous ulcer. Upon assessment, you would expect to find:

brown pigmentation around the ankle

When treating atrial fibrillation (a-fib) with Coumadin, the client's PT lab needs to be about 2 times the client's baseline PT and have an INR between 3-4. True or False?

True

Dietary changes are not enough to prevent the continued development of atherosclerosis. Nurses much teach clients to ask for and closely monitor this laboratory level to prevent arterial disease?

Lipids should be closely monitored because high LDL causes plaque buildup in arteries.

Explain in a couple sentences why aspirin (ASA) is given to someone with NEW onset of chest pain?

It inhibits platelet aggregation. This helps reduce clot formation in the coronary arteries and limits myocardial damage if infarction is expected.

Which lab would be most helpful in determining the cause of a client's chest pain?

Troponin I

Signs and symptoms of decreased perfusion would include: decreased urine output, restlessness, hypotension, dizziness, shortness of air, and decreased capillary refill. True or False?

True

Stable or unstable angina? Chest pain or discomfort that resolves with rest

Stable

Stable or unstable angina? Lasting less than 15 minutes

Stable

Stable or unstable angina? Pain/discomfort relieved by nitroglycerin tablets

Stable

Stable or unstable angina? Infrequent pain

Stable

Stable or unstable angina? Dizziness

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Diaphoresis

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Anxiety

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Lasting 30 minutes or more

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Nausea/vomiting

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Chest pain with extorsion and at rest

Unstable

Stable or unstable angina? Shortness of air

Unstable

For a client being anticoagulated on Coumadin, which of the following labs will the nurse follow MOST closely?

PT/INR

Which of the following does NOT contribute to causing a regular sinus tachycardia?

atrial fibrillation

What contributes to causing a regular sinus tachycardia?

anxiety, hyperthermia, hypoxia

Calling a rapid response team would be appropriate for the all the following conditions EXCEPT?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Why is aspirin given to a client suspected to have an myocardial infarction (MI)?

because aspirin is an antiplatelet

Risks for atherosclerotic plaque that causes coronary artery disease includes:

hypertension, diabetes, obesity

Risks for atherosclerotic plaque that causes coronary artery disease includes all of the following EXCEPT:

healthy diet

To relieve pain caused by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), what would the nurse instruct the patient to do?

dangle the extremity

Compression stockings, SCDs, and extremity elevation are all interventions for which disease process?

venous insufficiency

Stable angina is characterized by which of the following?

resolves quickly with rest

the use of oxygen for a client experiencing chest pain is indicated for which of the following signs or symptoms?

hypoxemia

which of the following conditions can cause sinus bradycardia?

hypothermia

which of the following is an irregular rhythm?

atrial fibrillation

IV certified nurses treat any complications for which of the following IV lines?

both PICC and central lines

Sudden onset of dyspnea, sharp chest pain, and confusion is associated with what event/s?

Myocardial Infarction or Pulmonary Emboli

Nurses should stop a Heparin IV drip under which of the following circumstances?

all the options are correct

Labs associated with Heparin are:

aPTT

Signs and symptoms of an arterial clot would include all the following:

pulselessness, pain, paresthesia

Signs and symptoms of an arterial clot would include all the following EXCEPT:

petechiae

Your client has weak or absent pulses. What is most likely the cause?

peripheral arterial disease

lesions or wounds at the ends of toes indicates:

poor arterial perfusion

Poor venous return places the client at risk for:

edema, stasis dermatitis, venous stasis ulcers

You know your client might be bleeding based on all of the following signs or symptoms:

hematuria, petechiae, change in LOC

You know your client might be bleeding based on all of the following signs or symptoms EXCEPT: 

paresthesia

Interventions for clients with atrial fibrillation can include all the following EXCEPT:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Interventions for clients with atrial fibrillation can include all the following:

cardioversion, antiarrhythmic medication, anticoagulation

You think your client has a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Your client has all of the following assessment findings:

swelling, pain, redness

You think your client has a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Your client has all of the following assessment findings EXCEPT:

pulselessness

Your client has chest pain, dyspnea, a history of smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Your interventions should rule out:

Myocardial Infarction

Chest pain at rest is unstable angina. T or F?

True

Jaw pain radiating to the left arm is a sign of stable angina. T or F?

False

Chest pain lasting less than 15 minutes is stable angina. T or F?

True

Chest pain or discomfort occurring without cause is unstable angina. T or F?

True

Chest pain that subsides with rest is unstable angina. T or F?

False

Venous stasis, vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability are also referred to as:

Virchow's Triad

Nursing care for clients with dysrhythmias include:

monitor activity tolerance and perfusion, monitor trends in cardiac enzymes and electrolytes, assess VS q 4hrs and patient's response to their medication

Your client has a slow heart rate. All of the following can be done to treat your client EXCEPT?

cardioversion

Your client has a slow heart rate. All of the following can be done to treat your client:

fluid bolus, atropine, transcutaneous or transvenous pacemaker

Which of the following symptoms are associated with a sinus bradycardia?

dizziness, hypotension, change in LOC

Which of the following symptoms are NOT associated with a sinus bradycardia?

increased urine output

Venous insufficiency is primarily caused by dyslipidemia and the formation of atherosclerosis. T or F?

False

Which of the following is a common symptom of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

Palpitations

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for stable SVT?

Adenosine

Which of the following ECG findings is characteristic of Atrial Flutter?

Sawtooth pattern of P waves

Which of the following can be a symptom of Crohn's disease?

All of the above

Which of the following is a key difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

Ulcerative colitis affects only the colon, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract.

Which of the following is a surgical procedure commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Colectomy

Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease?

Ulcerative colitis

Which of the following is a lifestyle modification that can help manage inflammatory bowel disease?

Quitting smoking

Which of the following is a complication of Crohn's disease?

Malnutrition

Which of the following medications is used to treat inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease?

Corticosteroids

Which of the following diagnostic tests is commonly used to diagnose ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

Endoscopy

Which of the following is a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

Smoking

Which of the following is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis?

 Rectal bleeding