Introduction to Chemistry Concepts and States of Matter

Vocabulary flashcards covering the introductory concepts of chemistry, states of matter, chemical changes, and mixtures based on the lecture.

Solid

A state of matter where atoms or molecules are touching each other and locked into place in an organized pattern, remaining in motion (shaking) even at zero Kelvin.

Liquid

A state of matter in which atoms or molecules are touching each other but have translational freedom to slide around freely.

Gas

A state of matter characterized by a large amount of vacuum space between molecules, making it easily compressible.

Sublimation

The physical process in which a substance converts directly from a solid phase to a gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.

Deposition

The physical process in which a substance transitions directly from the gas phase to the solid phase.

Bond dissociation

A chemical process where the force or bond holding elements together breaks, transforming a molecule into monatomic species.

Bond formation

A chemical process where monatomic species combine together to form a compound.

Oxidation

A chemical process in which an atom or molecule loses an electron, transforming it into a positively charged species.

Reduction

A chemical process in which an atom or molecule gains a negatively charged electron, reducing its charge state.

Distillation

A physical separation process that separates substances based on differences in their boiling points.

Chromatography

A physical separation technique based on solubility differences of different substances and their interactions with other species.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in appearance and contains distinct visible particles or cloudiness.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that is uniform in appearance throughout, with no distinct visible particles.

Element

A pure substance that contains only one type of atom and cannot be decomposed into simpler substances.

Compound

A pure substance composed of two or more different types of atoms bound together.