Chapter 11-26 RAD TECH

Advance Directive

legal document prepared by a competent adult to provide guidance if unable to make medical decisions

communication

exchange of information, thoughts, or messages between people

Emotional Intelligence

ability to evaluate, perceive, and control emotions

Gerontology

pertaining to the study of older adults

Inpatient

person admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

model identifying deficiency and growth needs that motivate behavior

Nonverbal communication

exchange of information using body language, facial expressions, gestures, and posture

outpatient

patient who comes to a healthcare facility for diagnosis or treatment but not usually admitted overnight

paralanguage

music of language, including tone, pitch, rate, and rhythm of speech

patient assessment

objective evaluation and determination of a patient’s skills

patient autonomy

ability and rights of patients to make independent decisions regarding their medical care

verbal communication

exchange of information using spoken words

Spoken, written, slang & jargon, organization of sentences,humor

True

Each level of needs must be satisfied before an individual proceeds to the next level

Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs

Physiologic (food, shelter, clothing, safety), Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Need to know and Understand, Aesthetics, Self-Actualization

types of nonverbal communication

paralanguage, body language, touch, professional appearance, physical presence, visual contact, personal hygiene

Three common forms of touch used

Emotional support, emphasis, palpation

Primary aging

biologically aging, normal aging process

Secondary aging

changes that occur because of disease, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors

often preventable or can be delayed

Physical changes of Functional aging

-slowing psychomotor response, slow of information processing, decreased visual acuity, decrease in senses

Respiratory system in gerontology

-decreased cough reflex, shallow breathing, decreased pulmonary capacity, Kyphosis

Musculoskeletal system in gerontology

osteoporosis, arthritis, decreased muscle strength, atrophied muscle mass, fear of fractures

Cardiovascular system in gerontology

decreased cardiac efficiency, orthostatic hypotension, arteriosclerosis, DVT, general feeling of tiredness

Orthostatic hypotension

positional change causing BP to drop

Integumentary system in gerontology

loss of skin elasticity, change of skin texture, loss of touch sensation, dimish sense of heat or cold, loss of subcutaneous fatty layer

Gastrointestinal system in gerontology

loss of appetite, decrease secretions, decrease GI motility, decrease sphincter muscle control

Five stages of Grief

1.denial and isolation

2.anger

3.bargaining

4.depression

5.acceptance

Objective data (measurable)

perceptible to senses, vitals, often physiologic, signs seen, heard, felt

Subjective data

patient feelings, pain level, attitude, opinion of observer, subject interpretation

patient’s chief complain

What do radiologist want to know about the patient history

Sacred Seven of Medical Histories

localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating or alleviating factors, associated manifestations

Chief Complaint

primary medical problem or reason that patient seeks care

History

information usually including onset, frequency, duration, and course of symptoms

Leading questions

questions that suggest a particular response any may bias the answer

objective

perceptible to the examiner and measurable; information obtained through the senses

open ended questions

questions that encourage patients to answer freely in their own words

pertinent negatives

symptoms or findings the patient specifically denies that help narrow the diagnosis

quality

description of characteristics of symptoms such as severity, quantity, consistency, or timing of a symptom

subjective

information that cannot be directly measured and is reported by the patient

base of support

foundation of which a person stands; includes the feet and space between them

biomechanics

science of applying the laws of mechanics to movement of the human body

center of gravity

the point around which all of a body’s mass appears to be concentrated

-typically at second sacral segment

commonly attached medical equipment

devices attached to patient; IV lines, drainage tubes, catheters

Ergonomics

the study of fitting the work environment and tasks to the worker for greater efficiency and safety

mobility muscles

muscles primarily responsible for producing movement of the body and extremities

muscles for lifting

orthostatic hypotension

sudden drop in blood pressure caused by change in patient’s body position

Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, slurred speech

stability muscles

muscles that help maintain posture and provide trunk stability, used for support

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder

injury or disorder involving muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, or related structures caused or aggravated by work

Fowlers

patient positioned in a semi-sitting position with head and torso elevated

lateral

patient lies on either the right or left side with the body aligned

prone

patient lies on abdomen with the face turned to one side

Sims

patient lies on left side with the right knee and hip flexed while the left leg remains straight

supine

patient lies flat on back with the face upward

True

standing with feet apart to increase the base of support improves stability

Wheelchair transfers

position patient toward strong side of x-ray table

lock wheelchair locks

Standby assist, Assisted standing pivot, Two person life, hydraulic lift

standby assist transfer

used for patients who have ability to transfer from wheelchair to table on their own

provide movement instructions to patient during transfer

hydraulic lift

-patient who are too heavy to lift manually

-lifting, transfer and sling

Cart transfer

AKA stretcher

uses transfer assist device, tilt patient towards you

make sure cart wheels are locked

requires 3 people****

Ambulatory

able to walk

anteroposterior

The X-ray beam enters the front of the body and exits the back

artifacts

substance or structures not naturally present but that appear on an image

axial projection

any projection not at right angles to the long axis of an anatomic structure

empathy

recognition of and entering into the feelings of another person

flexion

act of bending or condition of being bent

Geriatric

pertaining to the treatment of the aged

immobilization

act of rendering immovable

neonates

newborn infants

pediatric

pertaining to the branch of medicine that treats children

plantar surface

sole of the foot

rapport

relation of harmony and accord between two persons

restraint

hindrance of an action (movement)

trauma

wound or injury

cervical collar

most common spinal trauma traction device

backboard, radiolucent

which of the following is an example of a spinal trauma immobilization device

establishing rapport

a key component to effective communication with a patient is

sandbag

which immobilization device is radiopaque

beneficence

active promotion of goodness, kindness, and charity

code of ethics

rules articulated by members of a profession to guide ethical behavior

confidentiality

individuals, groups, and institutions are morally obligated to keep health-related information private

consequentialism

belief that the worth of actions is determined by their ends or consequences

duties

obligations placed on individuals bc of the moral bond with interdependence with others

ethical dilemmas

situations requiring moral judgement between two or more equally problematic alternatives

ethical outrage

violation of commonly held standards of decency or human rights

ethical theories

systematically related moral principles used to resolve ethical dilemmas

ethics

systematic study or rightness and wrongness of human conduct and character as known by natural reason

ethics of care

ethical reflections emphasizing an intimate personal relationship value system that included virtues such as sympathy, compassion, commitment, and love

Fidelity

Justice

equitable, fair, or just conduct in dealing with others

Law

rules established by government and applicable to people living within its political jurisdiction

Legal rights

rights possessed by individuals and protected by law

Liberal individualism

moral principles

general, universal guides to action respected unless morally compelling reasons to exist to do otherwise

moral rights

rights of individuals or groups that exist separately from government or institutional guarantees

moral rules

moral principle requiring a person to tell the truth and avoid deception

nonconsequentialism

belief that actions themselves, rather than consequences, determine whether actions are morally right or wrong

nonmaleficence

moral principle placing high value on avoiding harm to others

professional ethics

general principles or habits of right living and conduct in society and in the individuals professional life

professional ethics internal controls

internal controls of a profession based on human values or moral principles

professional etiquette

accepted standards of courtsey and professionalism displayed by members of a profession

Rights justified claims

belief that individual rights provide the vital protection of life, liberty, expression, and property