The British Empire in the 20th Century

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the decline of the British Empire and the rise of nationalism in the early 20th century.

British Mandates

Territories controlled by Britain after World War I, including Transjordan, Iraq, and Palestine.

Zionism

A Jewish national movement aimed at establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine, started by Theodore Herzl.

Anglo-Egyptian Treaty

A 1936 agreement that allowed British troops to remain in Egypt for the protection of the Suez Canal while granting limited Egyptian independence.

Civil Disobedience

The deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law as a form of protest, championed by Mohandas Gandhi.

Rowlatt Acts

British laws passed in 1919 allowing the government to jail protesters without trial for up to two years.

Amritsar Massacre

A 1919 incident where British troops killed nearly 400 Indian demonstrators, leading to increased support for India's independence movement.

Salt March

A 1930 protest led by Gandhi against the British Salt Acts, demonstrating nonviolent resistance and gaining international support.

Reza Shah Pahlavi

The leader who modernized Persia and changed its name to Iran in 1935.

Statute of Westminster

A 1931 law that recognized Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa as independent nations within the British Commonwealth.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, promoting self-governance and independence.