Bone Formation (Exam 1) Diagram | Quizlet

Name the tissue that lines the medullary cavity (medulla)

Endosteum

Identify the space (orange circle)

medullary cavity, medulla

Periosteum

Identify the tough outer layer of the bone (orange)

articular cartilage (aka Hyaline cartilage)

Identify the cartilage at the end of the bone (blue).

cancellous bone (spongy bone)

Identify the tissue found here (red).

Define anatomical position

Standing facing the front with palms turned to front

Medial

towards the midline

Lateral

away from thje midline

Anterior/ ventral

frontal plane of the body

Posterior/ dorsal

back or rear of the body

Superior

upper portion, towards the head

Inferior

lower portion, away from the head

Cephalad

toward/angled to the head

Caudad

toward/angled to the feet

Proximal

closer to the origin

Distal

further from the origin

Supine

facing up (palms up)

Prone

facing down (palms down)

Midsagittal/ median plane

plane that extends from the sagittal suture cutting the body equally into left and right halves

Sagittal plane

any plane that is parallel to the median plane

Coronal plane

plane that extends through the coronal suture cutting the body into anterior and posterior

Subcostal plane

transverse plane that extends below the lower border of the ribs

Identify the orange circle.

Medulla/medullary cavity

Identify the blue arrows.

cancellous bone

Identify the red arrow

Periosteum

Identify the green arrow.

Cortex

Define long bones and list two long bones.

Bones that are longer than they are wide. ie femur, humerus, tibia, fibula

Define short bones and list 2 examples.

small cubed-shaped bones.

ie tarsal and carpal bones

Define and list 2 flat bones examples

thin, parallel surfaces that assist in protecting internal organs.

ie frontal, occipital, thoracic cage (ribs, sternum)

Define and list two irregular bones.

have complex and varied shapes

Define and list a sesamoid bones.

A bone that forms within a tendon.

ie patella

trabeculae

branching bony plate within the cancellous bone

Endosteum

thin connective tissue that lines the marrow cavity

Medulla

central cavity in the long bone shaft

Lamellae

bone matrix deposited into thing layers. arrange in concentric circles around the osteonic canals.

Osteonic canals

longitudinal tubes (aka haversian canals)

Lacunae

small spaces/cavities in the bone matrix that contain osteocytes.

Osteocytes

bone cells located in the lacunae

canaliculi

tubes in the matrix (location for nutrients transport)

Red bone marrow

produces red blood cells (mainly found in infants)

Yellow blood marrow

replaces red bone marrow in the shaft of the long bones in adults

Nutrient foramen

small canal passing through the periostem and other layers to reach the medulla

Haversian canal

longitudinal canals in compact bone containing blood vessels and nerves.

Volkmann's canal

transverse/horizontal canals that connect Haversian canals and carry blood vessels and nerves.They play a crucial role in the communication between the outer and inner regions of bone.

The cortex comprises of the _______ layer and the ______ layer of the skull

inner and outer

What is the middle spongy bone layer of the the skull between the cortices called?

diploe

What are the five functions of bones?

1.) protection

2.) support and movement

3.) hemopoiesis

4.) mineral storage

5.) muscle attachments

canaliculi

Identify the Blue highlighted area.

Lacunae

Identify the orange areas.

Lamellae

Identify the yellow areas

Osteonic canals (Haversion Canals)

Identify the green areas.

Osteocyte

Identify this cell.

What is the purpose of red bone marrow and where is it found primarily?

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells. Found mainly in the medulla of infants and children.

What is the purpose of yellow bone marrow and where is it found?

Stores fat and is primarily found in the medulla of adults

nutrient foramen

small canal passing through the periosteum and other layers to reach the medulla

Haversian Canals

aka osteonic canals, are small blood vessels in the bone that transports nutrients and oxygen vertically

Volkmann's canal

connect osteonic/ haversian canals, nutrients and blood flow occur horizontally

Ossification

the process of bone formation n(bone forms in 7th-9th week of embryonic life)

Endochondral ossification

bone tissue replaces a cartilage model.

Intramembraneous ossification

fibrous membrane is replaced by bone tissue

Where does the primary center of ossification occur?

Diaphysis

Where does the secondary center of ossification occur?

epiphysis

Epiphyseal plate/line

cartilage growth plate between epiphysis and metaphysis in growing bone. After growth stops, it ossifies and becomes the epiphyseal line.

Metaphysis

part of the diaphysis that is adjacent to the epiphyseal line

Bone age

is determined by the appearance of the epiphyses

Fontanels

Place of incomplete fusion of cranial bones present at birth

Synarthrosis

bands of fibrous tissue, No movement, ie skull and teeth attachments at the mandible

Amphiarthrosis

Joints united by cartilaginous tissue, Limited movement

Diarthrosis

synovial joints with free movement

Name 6 diarthrosis joints.

-saddle

-hinge

-pivot

-ellipsoidal/ condylar

-ball & socket

-gliding

articular cartilage

covers the ends of the bone

articular capsule

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds/encloses a synovial joint.

Synovial Joint cavity

cavity between bones, lined with synovial membrane

Synovial membrane

secretes synovia to lubricate the joint

Ligaments

strong cords of dense tissue that hold the joint tightly together

Bursa

pad of synovial membrane outside the joint cavity where friction occurs

Cancellous tissue

1

Periosteum

2

cortex

3

Medulla

4

epiphysis

Green

Epiphyseal line

White

Metaphysis

Blue

Diaphysis

Pink