Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments, Fascia

muscles

contract to help bones move; provide form & produce heat for the body

3 types of muscles

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

skeletal muscles

striated muscle attached to the skeleton by tendons; under voluntary control

cardiac muscles

heart muscle; consists of interlocking involuntary striated muscle which allows the electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers

smooth muscles

found in the walls of all hollow organs (except heart); it’s contraction reduces the size of the structures; movement is generally involuntary

bicep

large muscle on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder & elbow; primary function is to flex the elbow & rotate forearm

deltoid

thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint; it flexes the arm away from the body (abduction)

gastrocnemius

2 headed muscle in the back of lower leg; flexes the knee & helps flex the foot (plantar flexion)

hamstring

1 of 3 thigh muscles on the back of leg between the hip & knee; help flex the knee & extend the hip (extension)

hamstring muscle names

semimembranosus, semitendinous, bicep femoris

pectoral

1 of 2 muscles that connect the front walls of the chest to the bones of the upper arm & shoulder; help with moving the arm toward the body (adduction) & rotating the arm inward

quadricep

group of 4 muscles that cover the front & sides of thigh; main job is to keep the knee stable & help it straighten

tricpes

large 3 headed muscle on the back of the arm; helps extend the elbow joint & keeps the humerus bone secured in the glenohumeral joint

tendons

connect muscle to bone

extensor tendons

allow a joint to open or straighten out; present in the arms, legs, hands, feet

flexor tendons

allow a joint to close/contract; present in the arms, legs, hands, feet, hips

ligaments

connect bone to bone

sprain

an injured ligament

4 ligaments in knee that connect femur to tibia

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

ACL injury

most common knee ligament injuries; can be torn/strained when feet are planted in one direction, but the knee goes in a different direction

fascia

thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds & holds in place the bodies organs, bones, muscles