NAS 2 - Cell -Nucleus and DNA replication

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Last updated 1:12 PM on 7/30/26
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153 Terms

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What is the nucleus?
The membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's DNA and directs cellular activities.
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What is the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus.
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What are nuclear pores?
Openings that regulate movement into and out of the nucleus.
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What is the nucleolus?
The region where ribosome subunits are assembled.
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What is nucleoplasm?
The gel-like material inside the nucleus.
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Which organelle contains most cellular DNA?
The nucleus.
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Which structure regulates transport across the nucleus?
Nuclear pores.
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Which structure surrounds the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope.
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Where are ribosome subunits assembled?
The nucleolus.
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What fills the nucleus?
Nucleoplasm.
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Nucleus vs. nucleolus
The nucleus houses DNA; the nucleolus assembles ribosome subunits.
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Nuclear envelope vs. nuclear pores
The envelope encloses the nucleus; pores regulate transport.
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Why are nuclear pores important?
They regulate exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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Why is the nucleolus important?
It produces ribosome subunits.
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Why do protein-producing cells have a prominent nucleolus?
They require many ribosomes.
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If nuclear pores failed, what would happen?
Transport between nucleus and cytoplasm would be disrupted.
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If the nucleolus stopped functioning?
Ribosome production would decrease.
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What must materials pass through to leave the nucleus?
A nuclear pore.
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Which nuclear structure is not membrane-bound?
The nucleolus.
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Does the nucleolus contain all the cell's DNA?
No. DNA is distributed throughout the nucleus as chromatin.
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Are nuclear pores always open to everything?
No. Transport is selective.
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Cell control center?
Nucleus.
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Double membrane?
Nuclear envelope.
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Gateway in and out?
Nuclear pores.
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Ribosome assembly site?
Nucleolus.
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What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores hereditary information.
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What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that contains instructions for a functional product, usually a protein.
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What is chromatin?
The uncondensed form of DNA associated with proteins.
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What is a chromosome?
The condensed form of chromatin seen during cell division.
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What are histones?
Proteins around which DNA wraps.
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What is a nucleosome?
DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
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Which molecule stores genetic information?
DNA.
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What is the uncondensed form of DNA?
Chromatin.
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What is the condensed form of chromatin?
Chromosome.
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Which proteins package DNA?
Histones.
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What is the basic unit of chromatin?
Nucleosome.
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What contains instructions for making a protein?
A gene.
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Chromatin vs chromosome
Chromatin is loose; chromosomes are condensed.
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Gene vs chromosome
A gene is part of a chromosome.
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Why does DNA wrap around histones?
To organize and compact DNA.
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Why does chromatin condense before cell division?
To ensure accurate DNA distribution.
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Why aren't chromosomes usually visible in nondividing cells?
DNA is mostly uncondensed chromatin.
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Why can one chromosome contain many genes?
Genes are segments along the DNA molecule.
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If DNA were not packaged correctly?
It could become damaged or disorganized.
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If chromosomes did not condense?
DNA might not separate correctly during cell division.
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Threadlike DNA in a nondividing cell?
Chromatin.
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Short thick DNA during cell division?
Chromosomes.
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Is a gene the same as a chromosome?
No. A gene is a segment of a chromosome.
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Is DNA only present as chromosomes?
No. Most of the time it exists as chromatin.
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Genetic material?
DNA.
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Loose DNA?
Chromatin.
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Condensed DNA?
Chromosome.
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DNA-packaging proteins?
Histones.
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DNA wrapped around histones?
Nucleosome.
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DNA segment with instructions?
Gene.
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What is the nucleus?
The membrane-bound organelle that contains most of the cell's DNA.
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What is the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus.
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What are nuclear pores?
Openings that regulate movement between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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What is the nucleolus?
A dense region where ribosomal RNA is made and ribosome subunits assemble.
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What is nucleoplasm?
The gel-like material inside the nucleus.
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Which organelle houses most DNA?
The nucleus.
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What surrounds the nucleus?
The nuclear envelope.
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Which structure controls nuclear transport?
Nuclear pores.
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Where are ribosome subunits assembled?
The nucleolus.
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Why are nuclear pores important?
They regulate exchange of molecules.
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What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material.
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What is a gene?
A segment of DNA containing instructions for a functional product.
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What is chromatin?
DNA associated with proteins in its uncondensed form.
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What is a chromosome?
Condensed chromatin visible during cell division.
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What are histones?
Proteins around which DNA wraps.
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What is a nucleosome?
DNA wrapped around histone proteins.
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Which molecule stores genetic information?
DNA.
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Loose form of DNA?
Chromatin.
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Condensed form of DNA?
Chromosome.
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Genes are located on what structures?
Chromosomes.
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Why does DNA wrap around histones?
To compact and organize DNA.
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Why does chromatin condense?
To allow accurate chromosome separation.
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Chromatin vs chromosome
Chromatin is loose; chromosomes are condensed.
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Gene vs chromosome
A gene is part of a chromosome.
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Histone function?
DNA packaging.
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Nucleosome function?
Organizes DNA into chromatin.
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DNA in nondividing cells is mostly?
Chromatin.
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Visible chromosomes appear when?
During cell division.
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Is a gene an entire chromosome?
No.
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Does DNA always exist as chromosomes?
No, usually as chromatin.
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What is DNA replication?
The process of copying DNA.
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When does DNA replication occur?
Before cell division.
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Why is DNA replicated?
Each daughter cell needs a complete genome.
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What enzyme synthesizes new DNA?
DNA polymerase.
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What is complementary base pairing?
A pairs with T; C pairs with G.
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A pairs with?
Thymine.
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T pairs with?
Adenine.
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C pairs with?
Guanine.
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G pairs with?
Cytosine.
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What is a replication fork?
The Y-shaped region where DNA is copied.
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DNA polymerase uses what as a template?
An existing DNA strand.
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How many DNA molecules result from replication?
Two identical molecules.
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Each replicated DNA molecule contains?
One original strand and one new strand.
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What is semiconservative replication?
Each daughter DNA has one old and one new strand.
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Purpose of complementary base pairing?
Ensures accurate copying.